Friction Lab Essay

Discussion and Review Whenever a body slides along another body a resisting force is called into play that is known as friction. This is a very important force and serves many useful purposes. A person could not walk without friction, nor could a car propel itself along a highway without the friction between the tires and the road surface. On the other hand, friction is very wasteful. It reduces the efficiency of machines because work must be done to overcome it and this energy is wasted as heat. The purpose of this experiment is to study the laws of friction and to determine the coefficient of friction between two surfaces. THEORY Friction is the resisting force encountered when one surface slides over another. This force acts along the tangent to the surfaces in contact. The force necessary to overcome friction depends on the nature of the materials in contact, on their roughness or smoothness, and on the normal force but not on the area of contact or on the speed of the motion. We find experimentally that the force of friction is directly proportional to the â€Å"normal force.† When an object is sitting on a horizontal surface the normal force is just the weight of the object. However, if the object is on an incline then it is not equal to the weight but is calculated by N= mg cos ÃŽ ¸. The constant of proportionality is called the coefficient of friction,  µ. When the contacting surfaces are actually sliding one over the other the force of friction is given by Equation 1: Ffr =  µk FN where Ffr is the force of friction and is directed parallel to the surfaces and opposite to the direction of motion. FN is the normal force and  µk is the coefficient of kinetic friction. The subscript k stands for kinetic, meaning that  µk is the coefficient that applies when the surfaces are moving  one with respect to the other.  µk is therefore more precisely called the coefficient of kinetic or sliding friction. Note carefully that Ffris always directed opposite to the direction of motion. This means that if you reverse the direction of sliding, the frictional force reverses too. In short, friction is always against you. Friction is called a â€Å"non-conservative† force because energy must be used to overcome it no matter which way you go. This is in contrast to what is called a â€Å"conservative† force such as gravity, which is against you on the way up but with you on the way down. Thus, the energy expended in lifting an object may be regained when the object descends. Yet, the energy used to overcome friction is dissipated, which means it is lost or made unavailable as heat. As you will see in your later study of  physics the distinction between conservative and non-conservative forces is a very important one that is fundamental to our concepts of heat and energy.  A method of checking the proportionality of Ffr, and FNand of determining the proportionality constant  µk is to have one of the surfaces in the form of a plane placed horizontally with a pulley fastened at one end. The other surface is the bottom face of a block that rests on the plane and to which is attached a weighted cord that passes over the pulley. The weights are varied until the block moves at constant speed after having been started with a slight push. Since there is no acceleration, the net force on the block is zero, which means that the frictional force is equal to the tension in the cord. This tension, in turn, is equal to the total weight attached to the cord’s end. The normal force between the two surfaces is equal to the weight of the block and can be increased by placing weights on top of the block. Thus, corresponding values of Ffr,and FN can be found, and plotting them will show whether Ffrand FN are indeed proportional. The slope of this graph gives  µk. When a body lies at rest on a surface and an attempt is made to push it, the pushing force is opposed by a frictional force. As long as the pushing force is not strong enough to start the body moving, the body remains in equilibrium. This means that the frictional force automatically adjusts itself to be equal to the pushing force and thus to just be enough to balance it. However, there is a threshold value of the pushing force beyond which larger values will cause the body to break away and slide. We  conclude that in the static case where a body is at rest the frictional force automatically adjusts itself to keep the body at rest up to a certain maximum. But if static equilibrium demands a frictional force larger than this maximum, static equilibrium conditions will cease to exist because this force is not available and the body will start to move. This situation may be expressed in equation form as: Equation 2: Ffr ≠¤  µsFN or Ffr max =  µsFN Where Ffris the frictional force in the static case, Ffr max is the maximum value this force can assume and  µsis the coefficient of static friction. We find that  µsis slightly larger than  µk. This means that a somewhat larger force is needed to break a body away and start it sliding than is needed to keep it sliding at constant speed once it is in motion. This is why a slight push is necessary to get the block started for the measurement of  µk. One way of investigating the case of static friction is to observe the so-called â€Å"limiting angle of repose.† This is defined as the maximum angle to which an inclined plane may be tipped before a block placed on the plane just starts to slide. The arrangement is illustrated in Figure 1 above. The block has weight W whose component WcosÃŽ ¸ (where ÃŽ ¸ is the plane angle) is perpendicular to the plane and is thus equal to the normal force, FN. The component Wsin ÃŽ ¸is parallel to the plane and constitutes the force urging the block to slide down the plane. It is opposed by the frictional force Ffr, As long as the block remains at rest, Ffr must be equal to W sin ÃŽ ¸. If the plane is tipped up until at some value ÃŽ ¸max the block just starts to slide, we have: Equation 3: But: Hence: Or: Thus, if the plane is gradually tipped up until the block just breaks away and the plane angle is then measured, the coefficient of static friction is equal to the tangent of this angle, which is called the limiting angle of repose. It is interesting to note that W cancelled out in the derivation of Equation 3 so that the weight of the block doesn’t matter. PROCEDURE This experiment requires you to record measurements in Newtons. Remember that in SI units the unit of force is called the Newton (N). One Newton is the force required to impart an acceleration of 1m/s2 to a mass of 1 kg. Thus 1 N = 1 kg.m/s2. You can convert any kg-mass to Newtons by multiplying the kg-weight by 9.8 m/s2, i.e., 100 g = 0.1 kg = 0.1 x 9.8 = .98 N. 1. Determining force of kinetic or sliding friction and static friction a. The wooden blocks provided in the LabPaq are too light to give good readings so you need to put some weight on  them, such as a full soft drink can. Weigh the plain wood block and the object used on top of the block. Record the combined weight in grams and Newtons. b. Place the ramp board you provided horizontally on a table. If necessary tape it down at the ends with masking tape to keep if from sliding. c. Begin the experiment by setting the block and its weight on the board with its largest surface in contact with the surface of the board. Connect the block’s hook to the 500-g spring scale. d. Using the spring scale, slowly pull the block lengthwise along the horizontal board. When the block is moving with constant speed, note the force indicated on the scale and record. This is the approximate kinetic or sliding frictional force. Repeat two more times. e. While carefully watching the spring scale, start the block from rest. When the block just starts to move, note the force indicated on the scale and record. You should notice that this requires more force. This force is  approximately equal to the static frictional force. Repeat two more times. Determining coefficient of static friction using an inclined surface a. Place the plain block with its largest surface in contact on the board while the board is lying flat. b. Slowly raise one end of the board until the block just breaks away and starts to slide down. Be very careful to move the plane slowly and smoothly so as to get a precise value of the angle with the horizontal at which the block just breaks away. This is the limiting angle of repose ÃŽ ¸ max. Measure it with a protractor (see photo that follows for an alternate way of measuring the angle) and record the result. You may also want to measure the base and the height of the triangle formed by the board, the support, and the floor or table. The height divided by the length of the base equals the coefficient of static friction. Remember: c. Perform two more trials. These trials should be independent. This means that in each case the plane should be returned to the horizontal, the block placed on it, and the plane carefully moved up until the limiting angle of repose is reached. DATA TABLE 6 Height Base Length ÃŽ ¸ max  µs Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average Calculations 1. Using the mass of the block and the average force of kinetic friction from Data Table 1, calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction from Equation 1: 2. Using the mass of the block and the average force of kinetic friction from Data Table 2, calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction for the wood block sliding on its side. Record your result and see how it compares with the value of  µkobtained from Data Table 1. 3. From the data in Data Table 3, 4 & 5 compute the coefficient of static friction,  µsfor, the glass surface on wood, the sandpapered surface on wood, and wood on carpet, etc from each of your three trials. Calculate an average value of  µs.Record your results in your own data sheets. 4.  From the data obtained in Data Table 6 calculate  µsfor wood on wood from each of your three trials. 5.  Calculate an average value of  µs. Record your result on the data sheet. Questions A. How does the coefficient of static friction compare with the coefficient of kinetic friction for the same surfaces and areas? B. Why is it important to reduce friction during the operation of machinery? C. How does grease or oil affect the coefficient of friction?

Nutrition Company Business Plan Essay

Executive summary: Bharat Food Science Nutritionals is a company which is in the market for 30 years and has been providing the highest quality formulations in Nutritional Supplement Industry for both human and animal needs. Main objective is to provide Humans with required nutritional supplements and make them healthier and more productive. It is known that low socio-economics groups just eat enough to survive. Our objective is to include these people to improve their health and make them fit. Our Mission is Nutritious Nation. Our company is committed to providing nutrition to promote maximum fitness and overall better health Our Vision includes in next 10 years is to provide a Healthy India. Helping as many people as we can. â€Å"There should be no selling of a girl due to lack of food.† Our products are so reliable which has lead us to good profits. Now we are developing new strategies to include low socio-economic people. Company summary: Bharat Food Science Nutritionals, for over 30 years our company has provided the highest quality formulations in the Nutritional Supplement Industry for both human and animal needs. We do research, develop, manufacture and distribute a variety of dietary supplements, protein bars, soups, meals, fiber drinks and fortified beverages. Our company has a base of products for the Vitamin/Nutrition, and Pharmaceutical industries. The diverse product line contains many â€Å"value-added† granulations and custom formulations. Baby foods formulated to supplement your baby’s diet. Our patented, GRAS-designated ingredients are designed for the nutritional supplement, functional food and beverage, cosmetic and animal nutrition market. Our employees are dedicated to an unmatched commitment of quality and service for every product we produce. High level of supervision goes into the production process. Our products provide the most effective dietary supplements to promote maximum fitness and overall better health. WHO recognizes that poverty, social inequality and the lack of education are the root causes of malnutrition and stresses that improvements in human welfare, including nutritional well-being, must be at the center of social and economic development efforts. To help low socio economic groups, we have determined to work together to eliminate hunger and all forms of malnutrition. Main objectives include * Famine and famine-related deaths; * Starvation and nutritional deficiency diseases in communities affected by natural and man-made disasters; * Iodine and vitamin A deficiencies; * Water supply for irrigation. We also pledged to reduce substantially: * Starvation and widespread chronic hunger; * Under nutrition, especially among children, women and the aged; * Other important micronutrient deficiencies, including iron; * Diet-related communicable and non-communicable diseases; * Social and other impediments to optimal breast-feeding; * Inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene, including unsafe drinking water. We took a large portion of our profit to start these programs. Selected volunteers will educate the people about the importance of nutrition and proper food intake. Pregnant ladies are supervised and informed about their special nutrition requirements; we provide free samples of iron, iodine and vitamins for this category of females. Explaining the importance of breast feeding will encourage the children feeding on breast milk to be immune to diseases in a natural way. Saving the rain water is very much important for irrigation. Amartyasen , a well-known Economist who needs no introduction says that â€Å"There is enough food available for everyone but the ability to buy food is lacking† Hence we also want to create opportunities to raise their income. As most of the rural people are based on agriculture, we focus on development of agriculture as well. Teaching villagers the techniques to save rain water and usage of optimal ground water will help them in agricultural purposes. Our company has tie-ups with Agro-seeds Company. They provide high yielding variety of seeds. We will provide these seeds at subsidized rates to the farmers so that they can get high yielding crops and good income. â€Å"JEENA† is the name of the program in which we have included all these activities. Jeena basically focuses on improving the health and fitness of low socio-economic individuals and thereby improving their wellbeing. Customer identification is the primary setup. Since urban people are now being educated and know the importance of nutrition, our products are gaining importance. We market our products to all locations. And especially to doctors, they prescribe the drugs to the required people. But in rural areas and people with low income it is difficult to find customers. Hence by giving our products at subsidized rates will encourage the low income individuals to take nutrition supplements. Creating the awareness about the problems faced because of malnutrition will encourage everyone to consume the nutritious diet. There are many questions which are unaddressed in regard to the approach. They can be potential risks involved in the business. Risks may be categorized as Threats, this can be from political view or catastrophic (e.g. Natural disaster or critical public infrastructure failures) or climate changes. Other risk is it can be vulnerable i.e. chances of undesirable outcome. Though our products are approved by FDA, few people with other diseases may not find it suitable for them, especially animal products. Finding sufficient number of volunteers to go and create awareness is another challenge. To see the Change it takes cost and time as the variables. In places like Ramnad, water lords may restrict our activities. People may not behave as expected and it is difficult to judge their behavior. As per poor economics, low income individuals are not willing to spend more on food even if their salary increases. Such unpredictable human nature may hinder the plan. To mitigate the risk, our risk management system is aiming to address the uncertainty in the market place. They create controls and countermeasures to minimize or eliminate the disruption, loss or damage to business operations and shorten recovery time from unwanted event and thereby reducing its impact on business. Taking the help of surveys and questionnaires will help us to know the loopholes in our process. Educating people will solve most of the unwanted probability of our program being successful. Marketing our products to the remote locations will increase its demand and it will be easily accepted by low socio economic groups. To avoid the side effects, we do preliminary health diagnosis of the person and give the appropriate supplements. Making profit is not our motto but we do have profits. We have huge profits in the commercial business. A big portion of it goes to help the low socio-economic people. Apart from that we follow a scheme in which we made all our customers and people in villages who are being benefitted by us to involve in a scheme under â€Å"Jeena†, in which each person pays a small token of money. All this money is in turn used for their own benefit. People taking nutritious food indicates that they are more tall and healthy who have more production. More productivity leads to higher profits. There are few short-term and long-term plans in our plan. But our program of â€Å"Jeena† will definitely make big difference in near future.

Business Entrepreneurial Rhetoric

Apple Inc is considered as the most popular technological panies globally. The iPhone is one of the primary products of the pany which has over 42 million users globally (Bonk, Celine). There is huge demand for this product and the brand has a dedicated base of loyal customers. The phenomenal success of this brand is dependent on several factors including the business model. A parison is being done with the existing market research and the article presented by Yuan and Langesen named â€Å"What factors contributed to the success of Apple iPhone?† This report would discuss the various factors that have led Apple iPhone to be one of the market leaders. It describes the innovative approaches adopted by the pany. The article by Yufei Yuan and John Laugesen gives an in-depth analysis of the success factors of iPhone (Laugesen, John and Yufei Yuan). It has focused on the â€Å"user acceptance† aspect of the success factors. This implies that the pany is able to understand the customer preferences. Apple has successfully identified the needs of the target market and fulfilled their expectations based on culture, demographics and behavioral aspects (Laugesen, John and Yufei Yuan). It has also paid attention to the environmental factors such as â€Å"mobile data services† that are essential for iPhone (Laugesen, John and Yufei Yuan). The article has proposed an innovative success model and almost all the factors are being tapped by Apple. The first group of factors deals with consumer factors such as demographics, user preferences and culture. The brand targeted the young population who are technology savvy and demonstrated high dependency on smartphones (Laugesen, John and Yufei Yua n). The brand also focuses on the user preferences such as entertainment services and designed its products accordingly. The pany tries to satisfy the cultural niches through the utilization of content as well as software (Laugesen, John and Yufei Yuan). The second group of factors deals with the corporate factors such as business model, technology, marketing, branding, content providers and network operators. Apple has business models which are based on its core petence (Laugesen, John and Yufei Yuan). It has adopted the â€Å"device centric† business approach which is considered as one of the most important factor for the brand’s success (Laugesen, John and Yufei Yuan). The pany also engages in extensive marketing tactics and provides customization of their products based on the customer needs. It maintains control through distribution and content access (Laugesen, John and Yufei Yuan). The pany depends on the third parties for the development of application and their content. It aims to increase the value chain by improving the core petencies of the firm. The third group of factors prises of the environmental factors such as regulatory norms and the infrastructure. The pany has focused on the regulatory aspects required during the launch of the services as well as products (Laugesen, John and Yufei Yuan). The pany believes that it is important to coordinate well with the regulatory authorities so that there is smooth launch of the iPhone. Apple has focused on the improvement of the infrastructure of the different countries. It has focused on enhancing the user experience and has tapped the current technologies available in the mobile industry. According to Davila et al., Apple has focused heavily on the innovative aspects of their products. It has created innovative product lines such as iPod, iTunes, iPhone, Apple Stores and App Exchange. The innovative product has helped the pany to retain its topmost position in the market. This is the primary reason behind the extreme popularity of the brand. The second important reason for the success of iPhone can be attributed to the advertising and the differentiation aspects of the brand (De Mooij, Marieke). It has created innovative advertisements that capture the target markets well. The campaigns involving the â€Å"Super Bowl mercials 1984† and â€Å"iPod People† were popular among the masses (De Mooij, Marieke). The third most important reason is the extensive distribution and retail networks of the pany. It has been established that Apple has one of the largest distribution network in the United States (Homburg et al.). The distribution of the products of the p any is done through retail stores, online stores, direct sales channels and third party resellers (De Mooij, Marieke). This makes the product readily available at all times and the customers can choose their convenient distribution channels. The fourth important factor deals with the customer service (Bone et al.). Apple strives to provide excellent in store experiences as well as after sales service. It strives to enhance the customer satisfaction level of the consumers (Bone et al.). The problem underlined in the report prises of the wide variety of alternatives available to the target audiences. This is determined by the market research. The problem was quantified by consulting with several journal articles (Bone et al.). The iPhone has satisfied the requirements of the target market and this is one of the primary solutions to the problem (Bone et al.). The iPhone has fulfilled the customer requirements and this has been proved by the parative analysis. The economic model showcases that iPhone has benefitted the target market which has increased the sale of the products. It has led to increased revenue for the pany which has resulted in the greater profit generation (Bone et al.). It is clear that Apple Inc. receives high benefit from the greater purchase of iPhones. The roadmap is concerned with the distribution channels that are used by the pany in order to make sure that its products reach the target audience. The storyboard presents the events undertaken by Apple Inc. which is related to the conception, launch, promotion and marketing of iPhone. It prises of several rubrics such as problem rubric, solution rubric, economic rubric and roadmap rubric. The problem rubric identifies the target market and the various alternatives they are looking for in order to satisfy their preferences. The solution rubric shows the launch of iPhone which solves the worry of the customer. The economic rubric shows the increase in sales of the pany due to the launch of iPhone. The roadmap rubric shows the marketing approach that should be adopted in the pany for the future. The article has strong impacts on the issue and enumerates the reasons for strong foothold of Apple. It discusses the appropriate reasons that drive Apple for achieving more success. The parative analysis method is used for the purpose of paring the current market research along with the provided article. This parison is useful in understanding the factors contributing to the success of iPhone. This report would broaden the understanding of the topic and would also facilitate further research on this topic. Bone, Sterling A., et al. "How customer participation in B2B peer-to-peer problem-solving munities influences the need for traditional customer service."  Journal of Service Research  18.1 (2015): 23-38. Bonk, Celine. "The impact of Apple's munication and French and Finnish consumers' product perceptions: case of the iPhone product." (2015). Davila, Tony, Marc Epstein, and Robert Shelton.  Making innovation work: How to manage it, measure it, and profit from it. FT press, 2012. De Mooij, Marieke.  Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications, 2013. Homburg, Christian, Josef Vollmayr, and Alexander Hahn. "Firm value creation through major channel expansions: evidence from an event study in the United States, Germany, and China."  Journal of Marketing  78.3 (2014): 38-61. Laugesen, John, and Yufei Yuan. "What factors contributed to the success of Apple's iPhone?."  Mobile Business and 2010 Ninth Global Mobility Roundtable (ICMB-GMR), 2010 Ninth International Conference on. IEEE, 2010.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in the Hotel Industry Case Study

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in the Hotel Industry - Case Study Example This paper illustrates that the customer relationship management process also tracks customer behaviors so that you can clearly identify and act on customer motivation that is unique to your client base†. To nurture the stability of a hotel in today’s global market, managers need to respond effectively to the changes in CRM that have taken place in the last couple of decades in order to remain connected with the customers. As Roberts states, â€Å"in the 1990's companies began to improve on Customer Relationship Management by making it more of a two-way street†. Let us discuss how hotel industry has taken a shift since the 1990s until now both in terms of consumers and marketplace. Hotel industry all over the world has taken a major shift since the 1990s. If we talk about the changes with respect to consumers, we can say that hotel industry has changes changed significantly. For example, earlier managers of the hotels used to prepare a limited range of food items that could satisfy the needs of local people. However, after the 1990s the trend of immigration started finding a strong place all over the world, which resulted in grouping different cultures together. This change forced managers of hotels to prepare a wide range of food items to satisfy the needs of people belonging to different cultures. Another change that has taken place is regarding communication with the customers. Earlier, managers hardly used to focus on maintaining a communication link with the customers. They only focused on providing some limited services to the customers. However, from the last couple of decades managers have started focusing on developing long-term relations with the customers. Therefore, they have started reaching the customers through different channels to establish a strong customer/hotel relationship. Changes With Respect To Marketplace Before 1990s, hotel industry was not so big and evolving as it is today. For example, at that time the idea of opening franchises in other countries was not very gripping and trendy. Managers of hotels used to focus their attention towards the consumers living in any particular area or location. They used to prepare the food of the choice of the consumers of some particular locations. Moreover, they used to market new food items and meals in some particular locations. After 1990s, the idea of opening international branches started to find a solid grip making managers of many hotels think towards going global. This idea also brought up many other changes in the hotel industry. For example, managers of hotels have started marketing their products and services to international consumers in order to attract them. â€Å"The 90s truly saw CRM technology and software evolve out of simple database marketing† (Koble n.d.). Answer B: Let us now discuss the ways the above-mentioned changes in the hotel industry with respect to consumers and marketplace would have influenced Summer Palace’s CRM strategy and practices. Meeting the Needs of Diverse Customer Base First major change in the hotel industry is the culturally diverse customer base. As Summer Palace hotels are currently operating in more than 50 countries around the world, its management authorities has implemented such CRM strategy, which meets the needs of all types of customers. The reason behind this strategy is to satisfy the

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 3

Law - Essay Example 541). It effectively allows individuals to challenge actions by Member States or the EU institutions through the ECJ but obtain an effective remedy from his national court. Article 234 also provides guidance on what national courts should do in the event that an individual seeks to invoke his/her Community rights in order to challenge national law. This is necessary because In most Member States concepts of sovereignty prohibit challenge to the legality of statute or, a fortiori, constitutional law. Furthermore, in most Member States there are lacunae, gaps in the legal protection of individuals, arising from traditional privileges and immunities. Sometimes these limitations are justified, sometimes they are not. (Steiner & Woods, 2003, p. 130) An EC decision is ‘binding in its entirety upon those to which it is addressed’ (Article 249). Italy therefore must implement the decision. Whilst EC decisions are not described as being ‘directly applicable’ they can be ‘directly effective’ (vis-Ã  -vis the State and the individual) provided the criteria for direct effects are satisfied: Grad v Finanzamt Traustein (case 9/70). Therefore Maria will have a remedy against her employer provided it is an ‘organ of the state’ and she can establish her allegations of unfair treatment. (2) Where such a question is raised before any court or tribunal of a Member State, that court or tribunal may, if it considers that a decision on the question is necessary to enable it to give judgment, request the Court of Justice to give a ruling thereon. (3) Where any such question is raised in a case pending before a court or tribunal of a Member State, against whose decisions there is no judicial remedy under national law, that court or tribunal shall bring the matter before the Court of Justice. There are a number of points to note from the Article. Only a court or a tribunal may

International comunications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International comunications - Essay Example Communication is also systematic. This means it occurs in within a set of interrelated parts and each of these parts affect one another (Wood 2011. p 3-4). In a family communication situation, for example, each member of the family constitutes part of the system. The physical environment and time also form parts of the system that affect their interaction. This is because people interact differently depending on the existing environment. Therefore, to analyze any communication situation, it is necessary to consider the system in which communication occurs (Wood 2011, p 3-4). The definition also emphasizes on symbols. Symbols include all language, non-verbal behaviors as well as music and art. A symbol is anything that signifies something else in an abstract manner. All human communication and interaction involve the use of symbols. Lastly, the definition of communication emphasizes on meanings. Meanings take a center stage in a communication process. Meanings are the significance people give to phenomena and are based on people’s interpretation of phenomena. Meanings are obtained from continued interaction with symbols but not from phenomena. This entirely depends on how people interpret words and non-verbal communication (Wood 2011, p 3-4). Culture, on the other hand, constitutes beliefs, objects, behaviors, and characteristics that can be regarded as common to all members of a given societal group. It is through culture that individuals and groups are able to conform to society’s shared values, define themselves and contribute positively in society. In general, culture includes many society aspects such as language, values, customs, norms, rules, tools, technology, products, institution and organization (Maude 2011, p. 3-10). Communication involves the use of language to communicate messages. Language can be said to influences culture. Conversely, culture can be said to influence language. Language influences people’s perception

Slavery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Slavery - Essay Example The story of Equiano demonstrates the inhumane situation of the slaves and the acceptance by slaves the white racial theories. In the middle of the XVII England has been shaken by the political crisis because of Oliver Cromwell revolution. The Putney Debates of 1647 revealed the English Revolution as an abolishment movement, a 1659 Parliamentary debate on slavery and the â€Å"free-born Englishman†, held on the eve of the restoration of Charles II and the Stuart monarchy, marked a counterrevolutionary reversal (Linebaugh, 132). The Putney Debates between Thomas Rainborough and Henry Ireton raised the questions of the struggle for the commons and struggle against slavery. Domestic wars and conflicts led to appearance of the new slavery forms in England: white slaves in Barbados, slavery in West Africa, Jamaica. Irish radicals and foes were sent by Oliver Cromwell to the Barbados, in the 1649 British merchants ordered the construction of a trading fort on the Gold Coast. The ski n color wasn’t decisive for the slavery - it was a matter of the profit for the merchants and elites. And Equiano in his autobiography gave us great example when even in the mid of the XVIII century there was an incident during the way through the ocean, when â€Å"one white man in particular I saw, when we were permitted to be on deck, flogged so unmercifully with a large rope near the foremast, that he died in consequence of it: and they tossed him over the side as they would have done a brute† (Equiano, 423). The interracial co-operations were not solitary: for example, Africans and Irish conspired together in plots of 1675, 1686, 1692 and alliance between slaves and servants was what planters feared most of all (Linebaugh, 126). The slavery began to acquire the racial shade in the 1670s. The resistance of plantation workers exploded in 1675-1676 in Virginia. There were two uprisings. The first one began in 1675 and was a war for land by freedmen and small farmers a gainst Indians and a portion of the colonial ruling class in Virginia. The second one was a war against slavery, waged by servants and slaves. After rebellion the planters charged the governor with restraining â€Å"any inhumane severity which by ill masters or overseers may be used toward Christian servants† (Linebaugh, 137). And the result of this rebellion was legislation in 1682 that provided â€Å"all servants not being Christians, being imported into this country by shipping† should be servants for twelve years, instead European servants – for five years. Of course, this legislation was directed toward the Africans. The defeats of the servants and slaves that was detailed represented in the â€Å"The Many-Headed Hydra†, became the reason why the elites, nobles, â€Å"whites† began to establishing new rules that had aim to discriminate the rebels and to justify himself. From the 1670s legislation was enacted to protect and Christians, â€Å"w hite† people (Linebaugh, 139). Rulers from the England, merchants and planters dispossessed tens of thousands more in Ireland, Barbados, West Africa and Virginia and made the slavery of Atlantic capitalism (Linebaugh, 141). Indeed, the masses of cheep labour in the America and Europe created the possibility to very fast enrichments. Slaves were very good investments. The people from the lowest classes had no wealth, they had no property. The capitalists wanted to control them,

MacAskills Strong Claim Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

MacAskills Strong Claim - Essay Example The argument is generally based on the charity sector as compared to the paradigm ethical careers, reasons why charity work is viewed as the most ethical career choice. This is therefore justified by the positive effect one has on the world and the community by pursuing such a career and also if the career can make a difference and if it can make the world a better place when it is pursued. Morally controversial careers can sometimes be very lucrative than a morally innocuous career but very few people will wish to pursue such a career-making their wages to be great high. These morally controversial careers differ from reprehensible careers and they include careers such as working for a company involved in the arms industry, working for the petrochemical company, some careers within the finance sector like the ones involved in the speculating on wheat thereby increasing price volatility and disrupting the livelihood of the global poor. Also, there is the reprehensible career which in cludes working as a hit man, drug dealer or a child trafficker and the non-consequentialists tend to reason typically much stronger against this reprehensible career and for this reason they are considered typically illegal whereas the morally controversial careers are not. On pure consequentialists grounds it is most unlikely that a moral sensitive individual could actually bring themselves to pursue such a career and by doing so could impair their ability to influence others to also pursue philanthropy.

A report based on an international HRM case study Essay - 1

A report based on an international HRM case study - Essay Example Therefore, the senior management team has asked the human resource manager to undertake a thorough assessment of the prevailing scenario in the US as well as in the Scandinavian nations in terms of cultural values, recruitment and training along with payment and reward. Thus, the paper intends to make the required analysis along with providing the senior management a recommendation regarding the most appropriate location for establishing the manufacturing unit among the US or a Scandinavian nation. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Managing human resource efficiently has become a key element in the modern day business context. Organisations nowadays are providing significant consideration towards recognising the prevailing context of a foreign nation before commencing their business operations. In this context, understanding cultural aspects of a foreign country is imperative to ascertain that diversity management aspect can be maintained by the company efficiently in future. Wit h due consideration to this notion, an electronics manufacturing company has endeavoured to establish its manufacturing unit in either the United States of America or in a Scandinavian nation. ... 2 Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Cultural Values 5 Recruitment and Training 8 Payment and Reward 11 Recommendations and Conclusion 14 References 16 Introduction An electronics company that produces electronic goods for the mobile phone industry intends to set up a manufacturing unit either in the United States of America or in any of the Scandinavian countries. Scandinavia comprises five nations namely, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Denmark and Finland. The purpose of this report is to analyse the human resource policies and practices of these countries in order to make the due changes in the intended manufacturing unit. Recruitment and managing of local employees are among the key responsibilities bestowed upon the human resource manager of the organisation. Thus, a thorough assessment of the existing scenarios in these two societies is a pertinent initiative to proceed appropriately. The various aspects to be considered while making such analysis are the cultural values, the recruit ment and training practices of the countries, the payment and rewards system followed by the countries. Values concerning the societies and its importance among the citizens are to be evaluated critically in order to align the work culture of the planned manufacturing unit. The recruitment and training being one of the most important human resource aspects to be followed by a company, the practices pertaining to them are to be adopted by the manufacturing unit in order to run successfully and in compliance with the surrounding. The recruitment and training practices or trends followed by the business units in a country are also of great importance in order to

Intellectual&cultural movements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intellectual&cultural movements - Essay Example across the discourses and intellectual texts of a certain era going beyond the understanding of their contextual reception and origins recovering the historical meanings. It is certain that intellectual and cultural movements encompass the circulation of ideas in countries, periods, and the transnational intellectual exchanges. In this regard, all forms of the expressive thought, which include religion, political thoughts, philosophy, natural science, social science and the arts, are dealt with accordingly. The racial feeling and thinking in the Europe from the fifteenth century, the racial thinking within the context of the Western encounters with the Jews and non-European people. It is of concern that the relation to economic, political and economic trends, as well as questions involving the interpretation of Historical and literature, is of paramount importance. As can be deduced from the history of the emergence of the Classicism and romanticism clearly outlined, it is clear that those who believed in classism were guided by a belief that reason is a dominating characteristic of nature and human nature both of which are governed by the fixed, and unchanging laws. Notably, classicism has its roots way back in 18th c. Those who proclaim this faith hold that nature is a self contained machine guided by laws, which can rationally be understood. Their value was based on order, clarity and balance. They postulated that imagination should be restrained by common sense and reason. The general principle is based on values such as human limitations, resisted change and human limitation. The primary sources clearly indicate that romanticism has its roots in the 1800c, with the proponents of this philosophy putting emphasis on emotions, intuitions, and upon an individual. This belief was guided by the practice of reason over imaginations, social over the person, and common over individualism. According to the proponents of this philosophy, imagination provides

Karl Marx and Capitalism Essay Example for Free

Karl Marx and Capitalism Essay In this paper I will examine how Karl Marx views capitalism and, more specifically, the criticisms he has regarding capitalism. In the first part of the paper I will reconstruct and explain the philosopher’s argument. In the second part of the paper I will offer my critical evaluation where I will demonstrate how these critiques are still appropriate in today’s society by providing examples of how capitalism is affecting the lives of American workers even today. However, I will first explain the definition and structure of capitalism. Capitalism is an economic system that is most common in the United States and much of Western Europe today. It is represented by privatization of companies for production of goods or services for a profit, competitive markets, and wage labor (â€Å"Capitalism†). These individual skills were initially developed from skills that grew out of the economic time period known as feudalism and has evolved into individuals who possess certain skills that can demand payment. Although this may seem like it would be an ideal situation for workers and provide a platform to provide a service in return for payment of some sort, it soon became evident that there were people who would use this new system of economics to their advantage. Instead of doing the work themselves, they would find skilled workers to provide the service or product under the umbrella of their organization to which they would market and sell the goods for profit. The business owner would make a profit and, in turn, pay the worker a portion for his services provided. Unfortunately, there were others who were unable to make the system work for them in such an advantageous manner. Karl Marx had two basic criticisms of capitalism – especially in his lifetime of the beginning of the industrial revolution and the formation of factories. His first was the thought that the worker suffered from alienation on several different levels. As a capitalistic society succeeds by gaining profit for the companies and business owners, the overall cost of goods needed to live also increases. If the wages earned by workers went up consistently with the profits of society and, thus, the increase in the cost of living, all would be good and balanced. However, that is not the case in most circumstances, in fact, as Marx points out, â€Å"the worker becomes an ever cheaper commodity the more goods he creates† (Johnson 261). In other words, as the production increases the cost to produce is lowered. The business owner sees those profits in the gross profit obtained by the sale of goods; however, the worker is generally not compensated in a fair and equitable manner. This turns a skill which may or may not have been a passion at one time into something that the worker is forced to do whether they desire to do so or not. Even if a worker enjoyed his occupation, chances are, he or she is being forced to comply with guidelines or standards set by someone else. As a worker you are still not truly free to produce your work according to your standards so you are, in essence, alienating yourself from the product of your work. According to Marx, capitalism has also produced an alienation from nature. He states that the capitalistic society conceals this alienation because it does not examine the direct relationship between the worker and production (Johnson 263). Essentially, the labor of the worker may produce wonderful and beautiful things for the wealthy individuals but oftentimes the working class population may never get to experience the beauty for themselves. Furthermore, the workers identity is often lost within their job and they do not have the means to express their individuality. This is identified by Marx as being alienated from yourself and from your labor. Most people do not proclaim their uniqueness in ways that focus around their occupation. Even in a highly sought after job you may, for a time, feel as if that encompasses who you truly are, but it is only a small part of your being – your essence. This also ties in to another alienation theme of Marx which is the alienation from your species as a human being. According to Marx, â€Å"the worker feels himself to be freely active only in his animal function – eating, drinking, and procreating, or at most also in his dwelling and in personal adornment – while in his human functions he is reduced to animal† (Johnson 264). In other words, as workers we are often free only when we are allowed to do what we want to do instead of what is demanded and required of us at our jobs. When this happens, we are often reduced to a more animalistic approach to fulfilling our needs. Finally, Marx contends that in a apitalistic society, the worker is alienated from others. Because there is so much competition in capitalism – which is the driving force for production and profits – it causes a hostile environment among workers. Many are competing for the same position or the same customer or account. This competition causes a friction within the frame of society that pits individual against individual which is what leads us into the next matter of contention with Marx in his views of capitalism which is exploitation. He claims that â€Å"private property has made us so stupid and partial that an object is only ours when we have it, when it exists for us as capital or when it is directly eaten, drunk, worn, inhabited, etc. , in short, utilized in some way; although private property itself only conceives these various forms of possession as means of life, and the life for which they serve as means is the life of private property – labor and creation of capital† (Johnson 266). People have become so materialistic in our capitalistic society that they are driven to all means by which to obtain their measures of status. Because of this, the workers are driven to give into demands made by their employers in order to make the wages necessary to maintain their standard of living. Since the workers are plentiful, the products are also plentiful, which discussed earlier creates a larger bottom line for the profit of the company or business owner. However, even though the profits are increased for the business owners of the capitalistic society, the wages are often not as high as the profit. Thus, the value of the product is high while keeping the value of the worker low. This is a classic example of exploitation. I think that the criticisms offered by Marx are still applicable in today’s society in the United States. I think that the worker is indeed alienated from his true identity as an individual. Before the onset of industrialized production there was a certain pride associated with one’s occupation; whether that was as a craftsman in wood, as a blacksmith, tailor, or bricklayer. No matter your profession, you were able to express your individuality and impart your character into the product of your work. Sadly, this is not the case with the workers of today. They are often subject to limitations and expectations that hinder their creative ability and they are forced to produce that are a poor representation of their ability or personality. Most people are forced into positions they don’t even want to be in professionally because they need to make a certain amount of money to pay for their wants and needs. This creates a frustration and dissatisfaction that reaches far beyond the walls of the factory or office. It is no wonder that most workers today dread Monday mornings and count the days until five o’clock Friday afternoon. Again and again, the energy level increases as the weekend approaches. There is a common sentiment that states everybody is simply working for the weekend. This is because workers are dissatisfied with their jobs and feel undervalued and taken advantage of in many circumstances. Once the workday ends, the freedom begins for the worker. This is often why the bars have a â€Å"happy hour† as this is where the worker can forget the troubles of the day and throw back a drink or two and finally relax. The economic conditions of living in an industrialized society has turned the ordinary worker into a materialistic consumer that generally far outreaches his or her ability to afford to keep up with the Jones’. Because many feel the pressure of this forced societal expectations to possess certain items, live in a certain neighborhood, d rive the right car all while wearing the right clothes and accessories we as workers in the United States have been put in the unfortunate and unbalanced position of much more want than means by which to provide it. As long as that continues, we are stuck in a cycle of never ending wants that never truly satisfy because they are not meeting what is truly needed in our lives. Marx claims that â€Å"the human being had to be reduced to this absolute poverty in order to be able to give birth to all his inner wealth† (Johnson 268). In a capitalistic society it is encouraged, and even necessary, to consume what is being produced in order for capitalism to continue to grow. Today’s worker can do this in moderation, without putting themselves or their families in such a position to further add to the frustration of meeting expectations and demands at a workplace that is unfulfilling to their existence. Furthermore, I think that labor unions were formed in the early 1900’s in order to protect workers from exploitation of greedy business owners. At the turn of the century, many workers were expected to work long hours almost every day of the week. There were unsafe working environments s well as high quotas being placed on workers from employers with minimal compensation to the workers. All of this was so the profits could rise as production was increased. There seemed no reason to pay more in wages by adding workers or in higher salaries for the existing employees when the business owners could simply demand more from their current workforce. Also, working conditions were often unsafe while trying to maximize workspace with the maximum number of workers without actually increasing the area being used. Because of labor unions working conditions have improved greatly for the worker in America; there are 40 hour work weeks with compensation for additional hours worked; guidelines have been implemented to make for safer working conditions; and there is more room for negotiation for fair wages without fear of retaliation by employers. Although labor unions are still in existence today, they have much less impact than they had in the past. Politicians are close bedfellows with the corporate executives across our nation and policies are ever changing to benefit the corporation and business owners while causing the worker to suffer the consequences. Even though there have been great improvements in regard to the criticisms of alienation and exploitation that Marx had against capitalism, I believe they still exist. Marx may have not been of this century but I feel his observations are still valid in today’s world.

Gump’s Musical Box of Chocolates Essay Example for Free

Gump’s Musical Box of Chocolates Essay Project Overview   Audience worldwide was hit by the wisdom of a mentally challenged character named Forrest Gump who lived in America throughout the 50s, 60s, 70s, and 80s. Forrest Gump lived a full life despite his mental condition. He participated and became a very special part in the many histories that shaped the nation. As important events surround the main character, he also essentially evolves into a man with his sense of American values intact, unstirred and pure.   At the least, theme of the film revolves around the circumstances found in one’s environment that eventually shapes the citizen but moreso, the movie is about how a most unlikely American citizen was able to help shape his country just by being true to himself. But more than anything else, the movie adaptation of the 1985 novel by Winston Groom sets itself apart as a film inspired by its musical scores. Forest Gump, the movie, was born during the time when Hollywood films were relentlessly doing films in order to sell its soundtracks. At most times, a movie fan would find himself realizing that all the songs used in the movie are packaged in music CDs sold in stores. The more familiar these songs were, the better a young group of audience would enjoy and remember the film, but not the movie Forrest Gump. This paper aims to discuss the history surrounding the film and how it was used to weave the story into a creative fiction that borders the documentary film genre. The paper will choose one scene and proceed with an in depth music analysis of the scene in relation to the whole theme of the movie. And finally, the discourse will point out arguments that make and unmake categorizing this film under fiction or under the documentary genre. History of work surrounding the film   Highlights in America’s history were used in throughout the film so much so that the viewer will realize this pattern a few minutes after the opening of the movie. The screenwriters was able to do this by focusing on the life of Forrest Gump from being a child with braces to becoming a millionaire who just had to send his son to school for the rest of his life. Amongst the highlights of the film worth discourse is Forrest Gump’s joining the Vietnam war without even understanding the whole issues of the war. For some critics looking just above the movie’s thesis, they would be enraged at the idea that the film espouses dumb American college graduates that join in the war are the ones who actually live and become a hero. However, the beauty of the war scenes is the ability of the movie to present the reality of the actual era using music and songs juxtaposed in those scenes. Scene Analysis   The effectiveness of film music lie in its capacity to set a scene to transform itself from the usual to the memorable. Many of the scenes in the movie elaborate on three levels of symbolisms. It’s narrative deals with the life of one man, it’s visuals elaborate on the life of a nation while the music used presented that cultural insights found by the generation as synthesized into a hallmark hit song. The scenes that relate to the interactions of Forrest and Jenny, the girl in Forrest life from childhood to adulthood are the bookmarks of the film. Each meeting is juxtaposed with a popular music very much relevant to the year being shown. The popular music are sung by musicians that topped the charts during their era due to the creativity of their songs to project the general sentiments of the prevailing American Culture. For example, in the scene when Jenny who was at the hippie stage of the flower power culture met Forrest who was at that time was just given a congressional medal by the government for being a hero during the Vietnam war where he was able to save his whole platoon except for his best friend Bubba, met at the national capital. Though they were dressed differently, the two friends had the time of their lives to exchange what happened to them while one was away. This slow movement of two friends circling the D.C. monument was surrounded with the music of The Byrds entitled â€Å"Turn! Turn! Turn! (to Everything There is a Season†. The Byrds was considered a major band in the 1960s that helped bridge the gap between Bob Dylan’s socially conscious folk music and the Beatles’ hybrid pop creations. The Byrds was in the crossroads, much like where Forrest and Jenny were in the scene at the Washington DC monument. The band helped facilitate other rock subgenres such as the folk, space, raga, psychedelic, jangle and country rock. â€Å"Turn! Turn! Turn!† was one of the many markers of the band. The song theme revolved around change that was happening to America in the 60s. So much decision and events were happening causing many things to change including worldview, lifestyles and cultures. In the Washington DC scene, the audience is given a breather to hope for the possibility of Forrest and Jenny to finally be together since Forrest was now a medaled soldier. The music even helped suggest this because the lyrics involved the fact of life where there is a time for everything. â€Å"To everything turn, turn, turn, there is a season turn, turn, turn And a time for every purpose under heaven, a time to be born, a time to die A time to plant, a time to reap, a time to kill, a time to heal A time to laugh, a time to weep† The lyrics above prove that the music chosen for this scene carried the deeper subtext of the scene. To illustrate, the Vietnam war was a monumental venue where America had the chance to ‘turn’ and change its worldviews. If it was Jenny being asked to ‘turn’ during the scenes in Washington DC, the scene ended up with Jenny boarding a bus away from Forrest Gump who have just professed his love and wanting to take care of her. Unfortunately, much like war hungry politicians, Jenny still decided not to turn and continue living the American disparate life. With this kind of music use in film format, the success of the scoring lie in its ability to stand strongly at par with the particular scene being performed. â€Å"The deeper reality of film music, the necessity which found body in its lucky accident, involves the way the film tries to evoke a sort of temporary and illusive film-subjectivity, which closely mimics our everyday subjectivity. To do this, the film must rely on tactics far beyond simply spinning a good yarn. The film experience must imitate in some way all three overlapping dimensions of subjective reality: the symbolic, the real and the imaginary. The method by which this is done involves very heavily the use of film music.† (Spande, 2006) For example, the song â€Å"Fortunate Sons† that was used in the Vietnam war scenes was actually a hit during the 60s because it exposed the discrimination of the times. On the scene, Forrest and Bubba becomes good friends despite their differences in race but the subtext of the song used reminded the audience that during that time the discrimination against sending governments officials’ sons to the war was an issue that was never discussed lengthly in the movies.   But using â€Å"Fortunate Sons† is just one of the film’s tactics using music to get the movie theme’s a little deeper into analysis. Argument of the Film’s Genre   The film is definitely a documentary film if the scholar would take the character of Forrest Gump out of every historical scene set up. Since one cannot do that, the film becomes categorized under the ‘mockumentary’ film genre that is also known as fictional documentary or also called as false documentary. When filmmakers would want to project satire and parodies in historical events or real life documentaries, they would opt to use mockumentaries. Gump’s being an artfilm type of mockumentary is done by its creative and effective choice of music that would highlight each scene. Forrest Gump is one of those films where the audience would get to realize that each song played has a purposive element attached to the movie and not merely placed just to make the soundtrack sell.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Forrest Gump has elements that would tend to mock at historical events established and regarded highly by society. One example to visualize the genre in the film is the scene where Forrest Gump narrates how it just simply rained in Vietnam. Describing the rain borders on the ultimate mockery made on film against the Vietnam war where thousands of American soldiers died just to experience rain coming from all sides of a walking, sleeping or running soldier. Another example would be the juxtaposing Forrest on filmed documentaries where the President of the United States shakes hands with Forrest, not knowing the Vietnam war veteran hero and the Ping-Pong American Champion who conquered China had below average IQ. And the most ingenius mockery at real documentaries is when Forrest Gump is insinuated as part ‘creator’ of Elvis Presley famous rock and roll dance steps and John Lennon’s hit song ‘Imagine’.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though the movie follows the mock documentary genre, it trail blazes the particular film genre by its crafty juxtaposition of the very effective music. The musical scores of the scenes help the mock documentary be elevated into a higher kind of mock documentary film. What may be trivial onscreen is transformed into an author’s stand on the issue by means of the theme that the particular song is playing. The scene, for scholarly viewers therefore becomes an essay. This effective soundtrack helps the film elevate itself towards being an art film. The fact that producers said that the film did not earn as much proves that Forrest Gump can sit with art films under the mockumentary category. Summary   Forrest Gump is a classic piece of modern art film where it successfully used music, history and a timeless piece of character to present the wisdom in surviving American life during the decades of the 50s throughout the early 80s. The movie did not solely focused on Gump’s being mentally challenged. The movie started with that situation but ended up triumphantly with Gump achieving so much more than a lot other people would be able to do so. And he did that by just remaining as true to himself. Just like all the music used throughout the film, these cuts all came from hit albums of the composers who have achieved leadership not only in the song charts during their time. These songs and their composers have essentially becomes historical bookmarks, elements of change, transformation agents of history in both their fields and in American society. References: Forrest Gump. DVD. 1994 Spande, Robert. 2006. Three Regimes: A Theory of Film Music [http://web.archive.org/web/20031208182300/http://www.franklinmarketplace.com/filmmusic.html]

Analysing The Zombie Horror Genre

Analysing The Zombie Horror Genre The zombie horror Genre is the theme and genre that will be analyzed to understand the detailed examination of a recurring pattern between these types of movies. There will be many examples of the films from this genre to support my arguments. The literary influences on the genre such as Richard Matheson helped to usher in a new type of monster that was caused by humans through contamination. George A. Romeo built upon this idea to give us more and different types of ideas. The variations and changes within the genre over the years has been one that consisted of far off set and poorly constructed monsters. The impact of particular individuals on the genre such as George A. Romeo has lead to a completely different kind of movie. The importance of social and economic forces on the genre has influenced a resurrection of the horror zombie genre. The world in horror films is inclined to end with alarm not quietly but the type of alarm depends on the film. The main prevailing manner of mas s annihilation in horror movies is reason they are so interesting. Each film will divulge something fascinating about our society and the uncertainties and fears that we all share. An exceptional zombie movie will make you sympathize with the characters and build on the plot to allow for a real deep developed film. Zombie movies pick out are darkest fears and put them into film to scare us whether it may add political undertones. These movies depict the world being completely empty from the evil undead monsters because they have destroyed social order. Zombie movies need a strong lead character that is willing to fight for all the members of the team and for the less fortunate that are in need. These films tend to have dark scenes and lighting setting the mood for fear and adrenaline to scare the audience. They have poorly lit at night in a familiar location where help is not available or never seems to come. There are terrible hidden secret that tends to be overly shocking. They tend to have a tragic hero that never wanted to be that is searching for their own family members. The monsters or villains never truly die and can always be brought back or explained why they never truly died. Cliffhangers are a main theme of horror movies as it can always be left open to the idea of a sequel The older zombie movies depicted viral pathogens. An immense global epidemic state of affairs became progressively more popular in the 1970s. As greater than before sexual freedom, elevated the distress of infectious ailments such as sexually transmitted diseases. By the turn of the 21st century, the increases of notable illness like swine flu, AIDS, SARS and the Ebola virus. This allowed these sort of end of the world movies to be a popular subject of horror films. Zombie movies have changed from the early days of the original zombie films. These modern zombie flicks bring a completely new dimension. Back in the day, either a chemical spill or voodoo curse that could cause the dead to rise. The Night of the Living Dead zombie movie was a revolutionary interweave into this film. This may have been the start of a new type of zombie film. George Romeros Night of the Living Dead reinvented zombie tradition in 1968. The zombie apocalypse of the past the graphic violence was able to repro duce the amplified glumness of the Vietnam War period. In the modern times, the zombie apocalypse has had a resurrection, prompted by worries of terrorism, disease, and global flux, which is basically a division of the viral infection. The zombie contagion in which a pathogen triggers the dead to rise has undertaken an existence of its own regard since then. The Last Man on Earth (1964), The Plague of the Zombies (1966), Night of the Living Dead (1968), The Omega Man (1971), The Crazies (1973), Rabid (1977), Dawn of the Dead (1978), Burial Ground: Nights of Terror (1981), Day of the Dead (1985), Dead Alive (1992), 28 Days Later (2002), Shaun of the Dead (2004), Angry and Moist: An Undead Chronicle (2004), Dawn of the Dead (2004), Land of the Dead (2005), 28 Weeks Later (2007), Planet Terror (2007), I Am Legend (2007), Resident Evil: Extinction (2007), Mulberry Street (2007), Day of the Dead (2008), Doomsday (2008), Diary of the Dead (2008), The Signal (2008), Zombieland (2009), Carr iers (2009), Pontypool (2009) and The Crazies (2010). The movie and all its successors initiate the zombie film to generate numerous copycats that used the fundamentals establishment by George A. Romero. Some of these such movies are: Tombs of the Blind Dead (1971), Zombie (1979), Hell of the Living Dead (1980), Night of the Comet (1984), Return of the Living Dead (1985), Night of the Creeps (1986), Children of the Living Dead (2001), House of the Dead (2003).. The video game series Resident Evil that was eventually made into films in 2002, 2004, 2007 and 2010 and the video games series Dead Rising (2006). Night of the Living Dead is spoofed in movies such as Night of the Living Bread (1990) or Shaun of the Dead (2004). Some of the television shows are that have used the idea are Buffy the Vampire Slayer, South Park, Pink Eye (1997), Halloween Spectacular of Spooky Doom (2001) and FBI Warning of Doom (2002). There are also others such as Night of the Living Homeless (2007), Medium; Bite Me (2009), The Simpsons Treehouse of Horror III (1 992), XIII (2004) and XX (2009). Operation Doom (2010) George A. Romeros movie Night of the Living Dead leads in the splatter film sub-genre. Prior to this film horror had frequently portrayed people in bad costumes, rubber masks, cardboard arrays or shadowy figures that creep around mysteriously. They were set in locations distant from suburban and rural America. Romero exposed the influence behind utilization and setting horror in common and normal locations. This offered a model for creating a successful and profitable film on a very small development budget. The slasher movies of the 1970s and 1980s to name a few notable ones such as John Carpenters Halloween (1978), Sean S. Cunninghams Friday the 13th (1980), and Wes Cravens A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984). All of these movies are indebted to the original concepts Night of the Living Dead, which they later used to inspire them in their own films. Each of these films was successful in their own right and adds something new to the horror genre. This movie I Am Legend (2007) is not a zombie movie but it does fit into the idea that a plague has changed the human population and destroyed it. I Am Legend (2007) is a remake of the original The Omega Man. It is from the genre of the drama, horror, sci-fi and thriller. A year after an infection destroys nearly all of humanity and changes the rest into monsters. The sole survivor in New York City strives boldly to find a cure. Richard Mathesons literary novel did influence many movies such as The Last Man on Earth written in 1964, Night of the Living Dead (1967), The Omega Man in 1971 and I Am Omega (2007. The movie Night of the Living Dead (1967) spurred the genre in a new direction for many years to come. Robert Neville was an ordinary person who was caught up in extraordinary circumstances. Neville is a scientist who was powerless to prevent the spread of the horrifying virus that was untreatable and fabricated by man. Neville is resistant and now the final human being survivor in what remains of New York City and possibly the whole world. Neville has dependably transmitted daily radio messages for three years. He is burdened to locate any other survivors who may be out there. Nonetheless, he is never truly alone because altered victims of the infection the contaminated skulk in the darkness watching his every move. They are waiting for him to make a critical error in judgment. He has hope to able to save humankind but he knows that time is running out. Neville wants to discover a technique to undo the problems of the virus using his own blood, which is immune. This is his one mission that drives him to keep going each day. Dawn of the Dead (2004) is an action, drama, horror and is a remake of the original movie Dawn of the Dead (1978). It was George A. Romero who was able to transform and modernize the zombie horror film genre by means of producing Night of the Living Dead this movie represented a new dawn in horror filmmaking. The film has also successfully been able to distinguish the use of the expression zombie. This is one example of the serene beginning to a zombie horror film that extra long. The sky view is the picture of perfect serenity. It all creates a more tragic scene when quite surprisingly, morning comes all too excessively soon. With morning, all that is rational ceases to exist. The pure pandemonium of the circumstances of an epidemic of a deadly virus that turns those infected into the undead. It comes so abruptly that it clutches the viewer from beginning to end. A nurse, a police officer, a young married couple, a sales representative and many other survivors of a worldwide afflict ion band together to fight for their lives. The affliction is producing aggressive, flesh-eating zombies and the survivors procure shelter in a shopping mall. This is a nightmare of a horror movie, which contains real horror thrills. The survivors protected at the abandoned local mall. People not being content to fight just an outside force must also be fighting with each other. The infection begins slithering increasingly close to bring them all to the threshold of extermination. The zombies are extremely quick and a lone bite from them leads to bleak fate of mindlessness and but solitary gunshot to the head prevents them. 28 Days later (2002) is of the genre horror, sci-fi, and thriller. This movie is about a rage virus that forces the contaminated crazy person to be hungry for blood and filled with extreme rage. Within 28 days or four weeks after the mysterious outbreak, that takes place in London. A few remaining survivors attempt to locate a sanctuary, while the incurable virus spreads throughout the United Kingdom. The entire population is either dead or evacuated leaving behind bloodthirsty contaminated inhabitants and a few of the solitary unaffected individuals. Civilization has come to a standstill; the inhuman suffererà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s frequent attacks devastate the social order, while those limited survivorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s battle for continued existence. Danny Boyleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 28 Days Later is a classic among a multitude of zombie and biohazard movies. This movie contains within it that there is always a tinge of sadness, emptiness, helplessness. A prime example is the empty Lon don scene with that background music. This films utmost accomplishment is to allow the audience to remain unbiased all the way through the movie. This is exclusive of picking either side this is because the virus is simply used as a metaphor. Dead and undead both can be sympathized with since neither truly wants to be in either predicament. Rage is depicted as a serious social disease. That idea allows the film to a much more serious one and not just another zombie movie. It is a movie with a message to the audience to wake up and look around them at the social disorder that is already occurring every day. Resident Evil (2002) movie the film adaptation based on a video game. The genre is action adventure horror. It became a successful franchise video game series Resident Evil that was eventually made into films in 2002, 2004, 2007 and 2010. Paul W. S. Anderson was the director of this particular movie but with each movie, the director changed. This may have helped keep the movies fresh and inspired. A special military division battles an authoritative, unmanageable supercomputer that has engineered a virus. After a laboratory accident, many scientists have mutated into zombies. It has turned most of the scientists and employees of the facility into rampaging flesh eating zombies. Much gunfire, combating, explosions aid in developing the mysterious cliffhanger ending that leaves things extensive unwrapped for another sequel. Up until this point, the zombie movie theme seemed to be much outdated. They were still making them throughout the 1990s but we they were not as popular as films li ke that George A. Romero did. Nothing was particularly innovative or exhilarating was being made with the zombie concept. The one place where it was really doing well was in the world of gaming such as Resident Evil. Even when a film is in production, very few movies based on these games stick to the intended story line. Resident Evil brought resurgence to the zombie movie subgenera and was hot again. More and more zombie movies were being made and Most zombie films start with the picture of perfect serenity to allow the viewers to get comfortable before the mayhem begins. The viewers are allowed to learn a little bit about the character and get to like them. Once you begin to like the character then they are eradicating in a gruesome way and the viewer feels for them. They feel like they personally have gotten to know some of their journey and feels for them. Fans of zombie movies may be a smidgen dissatisfied when a movie takes a while for the zombies to show up and start their mayhem. These types of movies are trying to establish a plot and story line. Most films are by-product of other action, science fiction and zombie films. Another type of opening scene that is popular is the sudden and fearful jolt of a tense and terrifying opening sequence. A film that moves at a brisk pace that uses slow motion so the viewer can catch important scenes. Fan are much more interested in these types of scenarios but they do leave little t o the imagination of what the movie is really about. Most of these movies do have a satisfying conclusion are the only real problem areas in the horror movie genre. This is to be expected in the genre as not all the questions can ever be answered and some mystery must be left for sequels if they are to follow. Being that they are horror movies characters no matter how much you like them, they must die in order to continue with the story line. In zombie films the characters are picked off one by one People must work together to survive in a horror film and if they do not overcome their differences and band together they will survive until the end. The characters come from all occupations to learn to get along collectively. Almost immediately more survivors arrive and they discover that if they wish to remain alive, they should bond together as the army of undead overruns the world. The genre is every changing and having new life breathed into it as new film makers finish school and are inspired to change the old into something new and f resh.

Slave to Man Essays -- Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

Sonnet 143 by William Shakespeare creates a patriarchal ideology constructing gender and women’s role in society supported by feminist criticism, which implements patriarchal woman, traditional gender roles, biological essentialism, othering, and sexage. By forcing women to be seen as biological creatures and/or insignificant objects with specific characteristics, a social construction is made. Instantly the typical patriarchal woman in traditional gender roles of â€Å"housewife† and â€Å"mother† is cast upon the main character in Sonnet 143. She has â€Å"internalized the norms and values of patriarchy, which can be defined, in short, as any culture that privileges men† (Tyson 85). The dark lady/mother is given the task to stay home and care for her child. She is shown as a nice wife who â€Å"runs to catch / One of her feathered creatures broke away,† taking care to watch the family bird or chicken while she â€Å"Sets down her babe, and makes all swift dispatch† (Shakespeare 143.1-3). She is given the task to chase after a bird, which seems to be in their house, showcasing she must be poor and in a lower class, making the impression that while the man is away, she is less privileged and must stay home with the child in untidy conditions. Furthering this scene is the fact that she is described as the sole caregiver to the child. â€Å"Traditional gender roles cast men as rational, strong, protective, and decisive; they cast women as emotional (irrational), weak, nurturing and submissive† which are seen in the relationships and characters of Sonnet 143 (Tyson 85). The speaker or child tries to gain attention from his mother or the dark lady. He wishes she would â€Å"play the mother’s part, kiss me, be kind† (Shakespeare 143.12). The child is acting as a d... ...ats women, whatever their role, like objects† (Tyson 91). She is nothing of value, besides pleasuring the young man; she is not even fit to be a successful mother. So the mother, who is seen as biologically the better nurturer, is therefore a bad caregiver since she has other duties that come before that of her child. Overall, the woman is showcased as obviously living a less-fulfilling life as the man, she is forced to take care of the child, abide to the speaker’s cries, and chase after the â€Å"feathered creature,† all in poor conditions, whiles the man has patriarchal control (Shakespeare 143.2). When seen as the dark lady she is nothing be a sex object, fulfilling his desires and pleasures. The speaker already has the education to write the poetry. Using his schooling, he illustrates that even though the woman holds his desire, he has power over her actions.

Bone Dreams by Seamus Heaney Essay -- English Literature

Bone Dreams by Seamus Heaney – An Analysis Bone Dreams is an obscure and difficult poem to understand. In all my searching on the internet, I found very little to help me in my analysis of this poem and so the ideas are basically my own. I might be wide of the mark, but for anybody struggling to understand this poem, it might at least give you some ideas of your own. I make no apology for asking questions or for sounding vague or even muddled in places. I hope that this essay is of help to somebody, somewhere. The poem begins in a thoughtful mood; the voice is relaxed, â€Å"White bone found/on the grazing† suggesting that the speaker is walking in the countryside when he discovers a piece of bone in the grass. He uses tactile imagery to describe his find, the bone is â€Å"rough, porous† and has â€Å"the language of touch†. This image would be powerful if not for the mildness of the language, which conveys a musing quality in its passivity, for example, â€Å"found† and â€Å"grazing† - these words have nothing of a hurry about them and suggest a peacefulness of mind in the opening stanzas. He continues to describe the piece of bone, making comparisons with a â€Å"ship-burial† and notes the impressions in the grass as â€Å"yellowing, ribbed†. The word â€Å"ribbed† is suggestive, with its subject matter of bone, to a rib-cage. The bone takes on a significance which is greater than its intrinsic worth – which is nothing – because the speaker equates it with treasure; it is, â€Å"flint-find†, a â€Å"nugget of chalk†, the word nugget being quite often associated with gold, and therefore he says it has a value in itself. â€Å"Flint† suggests history, a link to the stone-age and the find is, in fact, described as being, â€Å"as dead as stone†. So here ... ... little points were the eyes†, as if to say that he had never really seen anything. Furthermore, if he is â€Å"identifying† with the English (if he is the mole) then this poem could be about trying to see through the eyes of the invader and coming to a new understanding through this identification process. The closing lines are highly optimistic, as if the sun has come out from being behind a very large, black cloud; â€Å"I touched small distant Pennines, /a pelt of grass and grain/running south†. The final section as a whole is highly suggestive of discovery or of realisation, of altered perception and of forgiveness for past sins. The poem begins in Ireland with a piece of yellowing bone, but ends in England with a dead mole. The bone found on Irish grass has taken him through a series of thoughts and memories. At the end he seems altered by the experience.

The Ethics of Stem Cell Research Essay -- Ethics

While some people might say that stem cell research is immoral and unethical, others believe that it is a magical solution for almost any problem, thus leading to a very controversial issue. Scientists have been searching for years for ways to eradicate incurable diseases and perform other medical procedures that yesterday's technology would not fix. With the rapidly arising, positive research on stem cell technology, the potential that exists to restore any deficiency is in the same way, likely to destroy humanity. America is suffering from its inability to choose who holds precedence over this issue. Too many of us find it impossible to reach a basis for which our differing opinions can be shared and formed into a universal and comprehensive understanding. Although stem cell research is portrayed as being a means, it can also be viewed as an ends for those who suffer today, and for those in the future who will be exposed to this suffering. As the latest research on stem cells has been presented, the message that is inferred is that the public should remain out of the spotlight because they are not clever enough to know what is beneficial to them. As one scientist claims, stem cell research is "Hope for the helpless! Science as savior" (qtd. in Peters and Bennett 184). The belief of science as "savior" has become so intense and desired by these researchers, that "faith in this research has come to resemble a secular religion...and as a bellow to blow the political winds in their favor" (qtd. in Peters and Bennett). But one may argue that the derivation of cells from a human embryo is against their conservative beliefs, and that that embryo is a living person who has rights that protect its dignity. In addition... ...s promises dramatic medical benefits, it treats future problems as ends for which supporting research today becomes a means for relieving those sufferings. Allowing medical technologies to continue will be the only tool for accomplishing this. Works Cited Bennett, Gaymon Jr., Peters, Ted. "Stem Cell Research and the Claim of the Other in the Human Subject." A Journal of Theology 43.3 (2004): 184-202. Holland, Suzanne, Lebacqz, Karen, & Zoloth, Laurie. The Human Embryonic Stem Cell Debate: Science, Ethics, and Public Policy. 3 Vols. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2001. Jones, D G., Towns C R. "Stem Cells, Embryos, and the Environment: A Context for Both Science and Ethics." Journal of Medical Ethics 30.4 (2004): 410-13. Siegel, Andrew W. "Temporal Restrictions and the Impulse on Human Embryonic Stem-Cell Research." Lancet 363.9429 (2004): 215-18.

Advantages of supply chain management Essay

One is cost advantage. Companies that have implemented supply chain management have a 45% supply chain cost advantage over their competitors. [1] Price of raw materials and end product are optimized due to collaboration between two parties. The sharing of vital information in the early stage of development, and the effective communication of methods and requirements allows parties within the supply chain to effectively benefit each other in terms of cost. Another is faster time to market. Companies met their promised delivery dates 17% faster than their competition. [2] Through early information and forecast, suppliers can also efficiently design their production and implementation process through collaboration. This allows supplier to reduce the lead time to produce their products within the supply chain. Disadvantages of supply chain management over traditional competitive procurement processes. First is the difficulty of maintaining supply chain relationship. Supply chain relationships are probably the most fragile and the most susceptible to breaking down. [3] This is because a poor relationship at any part of the supply chain can cause major problems to the entire supply chain. In today’s global market, the customers have the power over the suppliers. Everyone else in the supply chain must quickly satisfy the demands or else face the possibility of loosing them. Another disadvantage is the need to share vital information for collaboration purposes which leaves a company vulnerable to illegal copying of ideas or methods. Although these can be safeguarded by proper agreement between parties, but the forces of market competition may compel violations of agreement intentionally or unintentionally.   If supply chain management is actually a superior way of managing procurement and production, how (if at all) does that modify any of the economic `big ideas` we examined in Module 1?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Supply Chain Management plays a major role in the concept of supply and demand. With parties closely related through collaboration, the identification of demand which is needed by the suppliers to support the collaborative company is easy, allowing suppliers to maximize profit given the level of demand. On the side of the collaborative company, the control of supply of raw materials is easy, which again would allow them to optimize profit. References: Ferguson, B. (2000). Implementing Supply Chain Management. Retrieved December 3, 2006 from http://www.apsreview.com/archive/spring2004/images/APICS.pdf    [1] See Implementing Supply Chain Management at http://www.apsreview.com/archive/spring2004/images/APICS.pdf    [2] See Implementing Supply Chain Management at http://www.apsreview.com/archive/spring2004/images/APICS.pdf    [3] See Implementing Supply Chain Management at http://www.apsreview.com/archive/spring2004/images/APICS.pdf   

Benefit of children and young people Essay

1.1Multi-agency representing is approximately antithetic operate dissembleing unitedly to pee from apiece one barbarian the surmount possible home. It is an ind tumefying route of detaining boorren and families with additional inevitably and assistanceing to secure real amendments in their life outcomes. Multi-agency running(a) motors to aver chel arn and chela equal slew earlier to mark they abide the fiver Every babe Matters (ECM) outcomes. The five outcomes of ECM state that we invite to be working unneurotic to achieve the lift out possible outcomes for baberen in our conniption. These outcomes ar Be comfortablynessy Stay off the hook(predicate) roll in the hay and achieve Make a compulsory contri providedion Achieve economic well worldMulti-agency working brings together professionals from different sectors to bear an integrated musical mode of working to computer fend forup chel arn, novel masses and families. It is a carria ge of working that en reals churlren and youth spate who aim additional tide over strike with churl(p)ly the right professionals affected to support them.1.2It is indispensable that outcomes for every fry argon dual-lane on a unavoidableness to cho use up basis and completely professionals understand the sizeableness of confidentiality. Integrated working is where everyone involved in back up nestlingren, early days and families work together to improve the lives of babyren. It is achieved by homework and delivering run. breeding sacramental manductionIn gaination manduction is substantive if we regard different sectors and usefulnesss to work well together to support fryren and youngish passel. The reciprocal sagacity fabric (CAF) and the sm all fryren tycoon twain succor oneself with instruction sharing surrounded by practitioners exclusively it is dowery of terrene work for approximately of us. usual Assessment Framework (CAF)The C ommon Assessment Framework (CAF) is a sh bed assessment and planning tool which is utilize crosswise whole local aras in England. It uses a legitimate approach to assessing the kick the bucket and strengths of a barbarian or young person, planning the support they contain and coordinating that support if much than one organisation is involved. police squad to a greater extent or less the ChildThe police squad Around the Child is one way of describing a host of people working together to inspection and repair an individual child or young person to achieve separate outcomes. The Team Around the Child approach sets to strain the importance of regular cooperation and joint working. It is in addition almost valuing the individual call for of for each one child and young person so they receive a tailored portion of support from their team up.Lead overlordIf to a greater extent than one service or team is working to support a child or young person, one practitio ner should act as the Lead Professional. It is the role of the Lead Professional to devise different types of support and usually to be the key point of encounter for the child and their family. Every multi-agency plan ( such(prenominal) as a plan made done use the Common Assessment Framework) and every Team Around the Child should fuck off a Lead Professional.Integrated working practices and multi-agency working provides benefits for children, young people and families because they receive the go around support in the most efficient way. The benefits of this includeEarly identification and hinderanceEasier or quicker access to services or expertnessImproved action in education and better employment in education split up support for p arntsChildren, young people and familys needs addressed to a greater extent appropriatelyBetter quality servicesReduced need for more specialist services.1.3Below is a list of some of these agencies and a description of their roles.Behaviour al Support Service (BEST) A behaviour support service is part of the LA and works in confederacy with schools, deep down a manakin of inclusion, to encourage them promote positive behaviour, and to provide telling support to pupils, pargonnts and schools where behaviour whitethorn be a concern.Health bursting charge professionals, speech discourse and wording therapists and health visitors They pull up stakes be active by the local capital health c ar faith and allow for support individual children and their families. The referral may hire been made by a GP or awareness raised in the screen background. They will work closely with the setting and family.Educational Psychologists They will be employed by the LA and support children who may put on ad hoc encyclopedism or psychological needs. They may be referred by the setting.Advisers There may be advisers for all aspects of early years ranging from advanceing to local child care options. They may work for a gencies like project centre plus.Social workers Employed by social services they may be attached to childrens centre or work independently. They may support children and their families to improve their quality of life, from ho using needs to bereavements. forgather specialists May support children in hospitals or work with social services supporting children in difficult family situations.Representatives from voluntary organisations These could be organisations such as NSPCC which will help when dealing with children who are threatening positions such as domestic violence.Physiformer(a)apist are employed by the local elemental care trust and will support children with a specific physical need. A referral is required either from a health professional or a setting.OFSTED gaze provision of care in the setting. They en undisputable all of our staff are up to date on training, we are providing a healthy and safe environment for children and sideline the EYFS. Ofsted provide supp ort and advice for staff and the setting itself. Police In fictional character of touch the police will provide help and support. They will be contacted if a bformer(a) arose such as child missing, fracture an entry, suspicious persons and they may besides be a point of contact if at that place is a leeryed case of clapperclaw or violence.1.4Unfortunately there will always be cases were we come crosswise barriers when working with multi- agency working. A plenitude of the time there will be cases were non everyone will agree on the same things no affair how slight or small the issue. Different sectors work in different ways, this does non puzzle out it the wrong way, just different. People may have been trained in a different role to which they may develop it difficult to be managed by a person with different skills. Some people may non be apply to sharing their knowledge with others.Its principal(prenominal) that each profession respect one some other and that they value there knowledge and expertise by doing this it will put to work better multi-agencies working together. Language barriers screwing overly occur so if this is to happen we moldiness(prenominal) always coif confident(predicate) we are all on the same passage and fully understand each other. even so if it federal agency getting a adapter involved as it is so consequential we are sharing the correct information.Make sure they have relieve oneself aims, roles and responsibilities and timetables that have been agree between the different agencies also that nigh communication and information sharing is carried out.1.5 inwardly my setting it may become requisite to refer a child to some other professional for additional support. For example if it has been spy that a child is having issues which speech that they entirelytt say m some(prenominal) discourses and the ones that are express are non clear and past the child would benefit from support from speech and language therapist wherefore a referral is infallible. The setting would follow the step below to make the referral. First of communicate with the parent about the issue and get hold of consent to make the referral. beside you would need to identify the service/agency who you want to refer to. Then you would need to contact the agency and discuss the situation onward making the referral. We do this to make sure the agency wad offer the most suitable service/support that is needed. Next follow the agencys referral modus operandi completing all requisite paperwork and effect by referral deadline if required. Always keep a copy of the referral. Follow up the referral and finger out the decision.1.6When children move between local areas or services their assessments be transferred and utilise without the information having to be gathered once more by the new area or service. When practitioners move their skills in using the CAF should also be transferable. There is cur rently no single national agency which is best placed to develop a fabric which must have relevance across the full fly the coop of health, education, social care and other childrens services. The DFES proposes to take indebtedness for leading work to develop the CAF.Common Assessment FrameworkIn the Children proceeding 2004 and Every Child Matters it is outlined that the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) is a way ensuring early intervention for a child before they reach a crisis point. CAF is a shared assessment and planning framework in all areas of England and Northern Ireland to be used by all practitioners working in childrens services. The primary(prenominal) aim of CAF is to make sure that a childs additional need is place early and to ensure that agencies work together to meet the additional needs of the child. more or less children will not need a CAF. CAF is for children and young people with additional needs. These are children and young people who, according to th e brain of practitioners, require extra support to help them achieve the five Every Child Matters outcomesBeing healthyStaying safeEnjoying and achievingmaking a positive contributionAchieving economic well- beingThe CAF consist of four main partsA pre-assessment check-list to help take root who would benefit from a common assessment. A process to enable practitioners in the children and young peoples workforce to condense a common assessment and whence act on the result. A commonplace form to record the assessment.A rake plan and review form.2.1There are different communication methods for different situations such as communicative communicationVerbal communication uses words to present ideas, thoughts and feelings. redeeming(prenominal) verbal communication is the ability to both explain and present your ideas clearly through the mouth word, and to listen carefully to other people. This will involve using a variety of approaches and styles appropriate to the audience you a re addressing like Paraphrasing means repeating back something a person has just said in a different way to make sure you have unsounded the message. Closed questions are questions that advise be answered with either a single word or short phrase, for example, Do you like sprouts? could be answered, No or, No, I cant stand them.Closed questions give facts, are easy and quick to answer and keep control of the conversation. Open questions are questions that give a longer answer, for example, wherefore dont you like sprouts? world power be answered by, I havent liked the taste or intent of them since I was made to eat them all the time when I was a child. Open questions hand control of the conversation to the person you are speaking to. They ask the person to think and reflect, give opinions and feelings. glade means to make something clear and understandable. Summarising means to sum up what has been said in a short, clear way.Non-verbal communicationThis refers to the messa ges we lodge out to express ideas and opinions without talking. This might be through the use of body language, nervus nervus nervus facialisisis expressions, gestures, tone of voice, touch or contact, signs, symbols, fancys, objects and other visual aids. It is very important to be able to recognise what a persons body language is saying, especially when as a health or social care worker you are dealing with someone who is in pain, demented or upset. You must also be able to understand the messages you send with your receive body when working with other people. indite communicationThis is central to the work of any person providing a service in child care environment when charge records and in writing invoices. Different types of communication need different styles of writing but all require literacy skills. A more semiformal style of writing is needed when recording information about a patient. Practitioners need to be able to communicate well with the scripted word. Th is could be by writing something themselves, such as a garner to refer a service user to a different service, a record of a persons condition and treatment or entitlement to a benefit, or a prescription. This means they need to be able to use different ways of presenting information, such as letters, memos, emails, reports or forms. They need to make their meaning utterly clear and structure the information well and in an appropriate manner so that mistakes dont happen. It is also necessary to use grammar, spelling and punctuation aright and writing should also be clean so that the person the information is intend for can actually read it. indication languageSign language is a language which instead of using sounds uses visual signs. These are made up of the shapes, positions and exploit of the hands, arms or body and facial expressions to express a speakers thoughts. Sign language is commonly used in communities which include the friends and families of deaf people as well as people who are deaf or hard of hearing themselves.MakatonMakaton is a method of communication using signs and symbols and is often used as a communication process for those with learning difficulties. It was first developed in the UK in the 1970s and is now used in over 40 countries around the world. unalike BSL, Makaton uses speech as well as actions and symbols. It uses picture cards and ties in facial expressions with the word to make the word more easily recognised by those with learning difficulties.2.2inside my setting I make sure that I always have appropriate communication which is set for that specific situation. The use of appropriate communication methods depends on the person and what relation to the person. For example, if we communicate with children we should use a verbal method ground on listening, and ask open questions. It is important to pay attention to our body language in all the circumstances. In the case of parents and accessorys we would use a more formal method. When we need to share information about a child it is best to do it face to face. We can use email, letter or telephone to inform about meetings or the child situation if it cannot be discussed face to face. We also use written communication when keeping a childs record of evolution.This can all change when we communicate with children with special needs or disabilities. If we communicate with people who are deaf we need to use sign language or ask help to Signers, people who can communicate using a sign language, or interpreters, people who communicate a conversation, whether it be spoken or signed, to someone in a different language they will understand. This is not easy because they not only have to interpret the words or signs but also have to find a way of expressing the meaning of the words clearly. Or if we need to communicate with people beldame English is their second language we may need translators, people who change put d admit information, such as the written word, into other language.2.3Please find incident form attached at the back of this unit.3.1Within my setting I give my own contribution to the development and implementation of processes and procedures for recording, storing and sharing information. This can be using our accident and incident books/forms to help complete a learning excursion and planning with the children. I always make sure this information no matter how important that it be kept safe and locked in a secure room.3.2Within my setting I give my own contribution to the development and implementation of processes and procedures for recording, storing and sharing information. This can be using our accident and incident books/forms to helping complete a learning journey and planning with the children. I always make sure this information no matter how important that it be kept safe and locked in a secure room.3.3Where hatred of a child or young person is suspectedAll settings have a designated person to deal with a ll kinds of child security measures issues. As a practitioner it is our work to spot potential signs of call out. If anyone has concerns that a child is being abused it is our job to set off this information to the designated member of staff. If you feel that by doing this you feel that it may put the child at risk then you must confide and report this to a manager.By discussing this with the designated colleague it can give you a clearer picture by gaining advice on what to do next.We should neer ignore possible signs of child abuse no matter how great or small. Our role is to make sure the children are safeguarded in and outside of the setting. Parents will have had a copy of the child protection policy which states that information regarding every child will be disclosed if it is deemed that any child is in significant legal injury or danger. This gives us the right to report any kind of abuse to the safeguarding placard without the parents permission. It is important to follow the right steps whilst reporting a case of abuse or a suspected case, we need to gather the correct information.When it is suspected that a umbrage has been/may be perpetrate. If you suspect or if a child approaches you and tells you that that their parent is possibly committing a criminal offense or is committing a crime, depending on the crime that is being committed, depends on how we as practitioners would handle it.Crime can cover a wide range of things such as taking drugs, videodisk piracy, benefit fraud, theft burglary, robbery or violence (GBH). It depends on how serious the crime is as to whether we break the trust between parents. Trust is essential between us because you need trust within a relationship with parents. Without the trust the child and their family is not going to be spontaneous to share information. If a child is being hurt then it would be unequivocal that you have to break confidentiality to ensure that the child that you are looking after is not in any accidental injury and is safe. If the crime that is suspected or being committed is DVD piracy then it is not going to be of significant harm to the child in your care.Therefore there is no need to break the trust within the relationship. It is our job to make sure that the child is not in any significant harm and if they are not then we should stick to our confidentiality policy and procedure.If a child is committing a crime then it most certainly becomes a child protection issue. The crime can be shop lifting, theft, drugs or violence but one small crime can lead to another which can then lead to bigger crime being committed and a possibility of the child person being involved in a group or gang. This can introduce the child person to hard people. If the childs parents are not aware of this then it is also possible the child maybe neglected.