Energy Crisis Of Uganda, And The Greater Eastern African...

Currently within Uganda, and the greater Eastern African Community, there exists an energy crisis that is heavily affecting the economic stability within the region. The average electrification rate within the EAC as of 2014 was 14%. (energyaccessreview, esmap) Comparatively, Uganda’s average electrification rate is 4%, while Sub-Saharan Africa’s electrification rate is 31% and the average electrification rate worldwide is 81%.(iea.org) Being that Uganda is so far behind the rest of the world in terms of energy production and distribution to its people, President Museveni and his counsel have decided to make the production of green energy one of their top priorities.(newvision) The goal as it stands, is to ultimately increase the†¦show more content†¦(cnbcafrica, worldbank) Despite all of the money that Uganda is able to make by exporting coffee, petroleum, and other resources, it is still in $7 billion worth of debt, and the number only continues to grow. Beca use of the comparably large debt that Uganda has accumulated, members of the parliament have expressed concerns over the financial budget, and future spending.(theeastafrican) In Uganda today, $1.2 billion of refined petroleum is imported every year in order to power the nation.(mit) This cost is by far the largest portion of Ugandan import spending, and successfully replacing the country’s reliance on petroleum with domestic green energy will ultimately decrease their debt and create a healthier economy within Uganda. Initially, such programs may drain money from the government’s budget and possibly put the country into further debt, but they very quickly cut down on the amount spent annually on importing such large amounts of fossil fuels and increasing the amount spent within the domestic energy market, as well as create thousands of jobs for workers, engineers, and business people. At the moment, the creation of large power plants opens up the opportunity for many different organizations to establish themselves, whether they be private businesses, community based organizations, or government initiatives, and all of these will create more jobs in the marketplace and create competitionShow MoreRelatedDiscuss the Importance of Non Verbal Communication to Education24125 Words   |  97 Pagesvulnerable to HIV/AIDS. | Contact farmers and community leaders may be unable to attend training activities due to caring responsibilities. Project likely to lose trained beneficiaries and their knowledge, experience and labour.Some destitute children, often AIDS orphans, are forced into child labour. | Agricultural/rural development projects actively address in their regular activities the factors that increase vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. | Community development workers of a food security projectRead MoreImplication of Oil and Gas Investment in Ghana15418 Words   |  62 Pagesinternational community also shares in the optimism generated by the discovery and exploration of oil in developing nations. A World Development Report of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2007:95) for example states that: Extractive activities [including oil exploration] can also have profound social and political impacts. They can have a positive effect on development by creating jobs, encouraging business and providing vital infrastructure for remote communities such asRead Moreinsecurity in kenya6360 Words   |  26 Pagesrelations and operations through community policing, increased qualifications, and professional training programs instituted by foreign governments and NGOs. Assistant Commissioner of Police Tom Omani stated that the major turning point in policing began in 1998 following the Kenya terrorist attack, however, gained the most momentum after Kibaki took power. In Mr. Omani’s opinion, the most important change to the criminal justice system in Kenya is the community policing initiative, which asks forRe ad MoreForeign Aid and Economic Growth in the Developing Countries - a Cross-Country Empirical Analysis12252 Words   |  50 Pagesincluded. Snyder (1993) shows a positive relation between aid and growth when taking country size into account. 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The term ‘Private Voluntary Organization (PVOs) is mostly used in USA, India, and other South-Asian Countries. The South-Africa they are called as Non-Governmental Development Organizations (NGDOs) and Voluntary Development Organization in Saharan Africa. The World Bank classifies operational NGOs into three main groups:- 1. Community based Organisations (CBOs)-whichRead MoreArchaeology Notes19985 Words   |  80 PagesOPEN LEARNING | AHT 202 EARLY AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGY | | | W. KENNEDY GITU, L.K. NGARI, W.S. 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In this case, the US government is offering subsidies to the producers of biofuels. The government wants to increase the production of biofuels, such as ethanol and wood gas, to help protect the environment, make energy supplies more secure and to aid rural development. (b) If the government grants a subsidy to biofuel producers in the US, the supply of biofuel will increase. This is because subsidies will lower production costs and the production of biofuelsRead MoreEmployee Engagement and CSR: TRANSACTIONAL, RELATIONAL, AND DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACHES12982 Words   |  52 Pagesresponsibility in a company and to develop its employees to be responsible corporate citizens. (Keywords: Employees, Human resources management, Corporate social responsibility) IBM has engaged its employees and retirees through its On Demand Community, which in over one hundred and twenty countries matches them to service opportunities of interest. CEO Sam Palmisano explains the company’s skill-based volunteer program thusly: â€Å"No company can mandate volunteerism. The decision and selfsacrifice

The Plot in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House Essay - 1166 Words

The play A Doll House (1879), by Henrik Ibsen, has a realistic feel that compels the reader to identify with the main characters and the situation that they find themselves facing. The wife, Nora, is in all but one scene, and nearly all the scenes occur in a single room. She is the main character, and it is her unraveling and self-discovery that the reader is spectator to. Act I begins by introducing Nora Helmer. She enters the room carrying packages and eating macaroons. Noras husband, Torvald, enters the living room as Nora quickly hides her sweets from him. This interaction sets the world of the play, acting as the prologue. We learn that Torvald has forbidden her to eat macaroons, or any sweets, in order to keep her teeth†¦show more content†¦Nora shares with Mrs. Linde about the vacation they took to Italy and how it was her father who had paid their way. The reader is suspicious; Nora may be lying, and, in fact, the reader quickly finds that she is. When Mrs. Linde makes an off-hand remark about how na#239;ve and childish Nora is, Nora rushes to boast that in fact her father did not pay for their vacation but that she, Nora, had taken out a loan herself in order to save her husbands life. This is the beginning of the rising action, with the first complication following as the reader learns that Torvald does not know of Noras actions even after eight years of marriage. Nora goes a step further as questioning continues and admits to Mrs. Linde that shell keep the revelation of that secret from Torvald until such time as she needs it for leverage, such as when her looks and charm wear off. Just how important the `secret is to the play becomes evident in the chain of events surrounding the misunderstood Krogstads first visit to the Helmer home. Krogstad loaned Nora the money and now works at the bank with Torvald. His reputation was sullied years before for actions very similar to Noras. Nora begins to show the fragility of her fa#231;ade by wringing her hands and whispering to herself. Moments later, Nora thinks about Krogstad being dependent on Torvald and laughs out loud in front of Dr. Rank and Mrs. Linde. It is the first sign thatShow MoreRelatedHerik Ibsen: Father of Modern Drama1459 Words   |  6 PagesCondor Mrs. Besnard IB English HL2 21 November 2013 Henrik Ibsen as â€Å"The Father of Modern Drama† Henrik Ibsen has long been referred to as the Father of Modern Drama, and such title has rightly been given so. Mr. Ibsen was one of the pioneer theatre dramaturges that began the Modernism Movement, primarily known as the Realism Movement. Modernism/Realism was a revolutionary idea back in Ibsen s time. Many concepts of theater - including plots, dialogue, and characters – were renovated in orderRead MoreA Doll’s House play by Henrik Ibsen shares many comparisons and contrasts with the short story â€Å"The1300 Words   |  6 PagesA Doll’s House play by Henrik Ibsen shares many comparisons and contrasts with the short story â€Å"The Storm† by Kate Chopin. In fact, Ibsen’s play premiered at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark on December 21, 1879. This play aroused significant changes in the attitudes towards 19th century marriages (princeton.edu). Interestingly, â€Å"The Storm† stands as the sequel to Chopin’s other short s tory â€Å"At the Cadian Ball†. Kimbel wrote in his article on Dictionary of Literary Biography, â€Å"Her first twoRead MoreA Dolls House And Goblin Market And A Dolls House930 Words   |  4 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s play ‘A Doll’s House’, written in 1879, and Christina Rossetti’s poem ‘Goblin Market’, written in 1862, both demonstrate that an appetite for power, knowledge, sex, and money have an ultimately destructive affect upon their characters. An appetite for power, and therefore control, is quintessential to the plot of Henrik Ibsen’s play: ‘A Doll’s House’ and Christina Rossetti’s poem: ‘Goblin Market’. The importance of power is first evident in the martial relationship between Nora andRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1293 Words   |  6 Pages1879 A Doll’s House by Norwegian author Henrik Ibsen was banned throughout Britain as it challenged ideologies specific to those of Europe during the late nineteenth century. The drama presents itself as a social commentary by provoking the conservative ideals of the role of women and marriage. In the twenty-first century the performance stands harmless. Contrariwise, women of the Victorian age were seen as childlike and subservient, which resulted in much controversy surrounding Ibsen’s modern ideasRead MoreThe Power of Relationship in Hemingways Cat in the Rain and Ibsens A Dolls House651 Words   |  3 Pagesà ¯ » ¿The power of relationship is a major theme in both Hemingways Cat in the Rain, and in Ibsens A Dolls House. In both stories, patriarchy is the pervasive social structure under which the individual relationships develop. Relationship therefore defines and reinforces gender roles and norms. The heterosexual dynamic also constructs and reinforces individual identity. Romantic relationships have the power to perpetuate social norms and values, especially those related to gender. Furthermore,Read MoreNora s Escape From Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House Essay2552 Words   |  11 PagesHonors Modern Literature 7 October 2016 Nora’s Escape Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House follows Nora’s struggles to escape the firm grasp of her domineering husband. Throughout the novel, Nora is depicted as obedient to her husband, Torvald, and never dares to stand up to him. Torvald’s condescension and thinly veiled misogyny continuously confines Nora to her strict 19th century gender role. The title of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House mirrors Nora’s sense of oppression and lack of agency as sheRead MoreUse of Symbols in Ibsens Play, A Dolls House Essay845 Words   |  4 Pagesto stimulate the mind. Henrik Ibsens play, A Dolls House, is filled with symbols that represent abstract ideas and concepts. These symbols successfully illustrate the inner conflicts that are going on between the characters. A few of the symbols are the Christmas tree, New year’s day, the title of the book and the nicknames Torvald called Nora emphasizes a theme of comparing perfect marriage relationship to the reality of the relationship, that is an artificial â€Å"Doll’s House† relationship. TheRead MoreWomens Role in Society Analyzed and Debated in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House918 Words   |  4 Pagesthe role of women in society has been analyzed and frequently debated throughout history. Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is no exception to the rule. In Norway, and during the Victorian period in history, women’s responsibilities were simply to keep house or do small jobs on the side such as sewing or light secretarial work. Henrik Ibsen may have had several intentions when writing his play A Doll’s House, but the one that stands out so clearly is the role of women in the time period from whichRead MoreA Doll’s House and Top Girls2459 Words   |  10 Pagesof A Doll’s House and Top Girls Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and Caryl Churchill’s Top Girls both are a pillar of critical writing about the society they were originally produced in and have a central theme of the oppression of women, which makes them great sources of feminist reviews. Although Ibsen â€Å"abandoned the concept that the play was about gender roles† (Urban, 1997), the central question is beyond the original context within which the plays were produced and received. A Doll’s House canRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1487 Words   |  6 Pagesruns alongside the predominant story. Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House takes place after a woman, Nora, illegally takes a loan. She then struggles to hide it when the lender, Krogstad, threatens to reveal her crime to her husband, Torvald Helmer. Dr. Rank appears to play a minor role in the story but his illness is a highly underrated element. Dr. Rank plays an important role in A Doll’s House through h is companionship with Nora, his illness and his choices. Ibsen’s elaboration of Doctor Rank’s role is

The Titanic Essay Paper Example For Students

The Titanic Essay Paper The first 10 pages (until the inspector) arrives are important in terms of setting the scene establishing the characters. An Inspector Calls was written in 1945/46; however the play was set in 1912. When the playwright wrote this play it was the end of the World War 2. He uses the play to give his views on the society. He tries to give the audience the message that everyone is responsible for each other, If we dont accept our responsibility there will be no society. He also tries to give this message through the inspector. The inspector said this in his final speech before he leaves We are members of one body, and we are responsible for each other. By saying this he could be Priestleys voice. An Inspector Calls is set in the dining-room of the Birlings house in Brumley, an industrial city in the North Midlands. Here the playwright has played with names as Brumley is a made-up place. Birling is also a name that is made up its make the audience think of a high status and wealth! Priestley opens the book with stage directions; this sets the scene for the audience. He puts it in detail so that when the play would be played, it will be the way Priestley wants it. Also if too much is changed the messages might not go through to the audience. When the curtain is raised the audience will see that the four Birlings and Gerald Croft will be seated at the table, the audience will not know that Gerald is not part of their family, until later on in the play. The audience can tell that the Birlings are wealthy, in upper class and that they live a relaxing lifestyle because they will have a decanter of port, cigar box and cigarettes on the table. Also another way that the audience can tell that they are in the upper class is by the way they dress. They are all in evening dress of the period, Mr Birling, Eric and Gerald will be dressed in tails and white ties, not dinner jackets. At the table Arthur Birling is the first to speak Giving us the port Edna? Thats right. This already shows us that Arthur is head of the family and is very important. In addition the audience can tell that Mr Birling is very pompous by the big long speeches he says to everyone. Whats more is that the playwright is using dramatic irony. This is because in the speeches that Priestley gives he is saying that, The Germans dont want war , there isnt a chance of war.. the audience of course know that this is wrong as World War 1 has happened and World War 2 as well.

Political Correctness Essays - Etiquette, Pejoratives,

Political Correctness Matchmaker.com: Sign up now for a free trial. Date Smarter! Political Correctness: The University of Southern California: The Teddy Bear Massacre Like so many other traditions, the burning of the bruin was put on the chopping block recently. The long running University of Southern California spirit activity consisted of throwing a large stuffed bear in a bon fire the night before the football game against their rival, the University of California at Los Angeles. The Black Student Union and other student organizations recently questioned the event. Their concern was that the event too closely resembled past lynching of African Americans in the American south. This raises the question of whether it is appropriate to censor ideas that are not created to offend certain groups. Political correctness, the underlying ideal, is the "particular set of attitudes about the world that its proponents maintain should be actively promoted." [Clark 369] Proponents of political correctness, or PC, had good intentions in devising the idea, but it has serious flaws. Although political correctness was founded with good intent, it does more harm than good. The most noticeable example of harm is how PC proponents try to please everyone at the same time. The burning of the bruin was just one of many activities held during the week before the big UCLA game. The idea being that everyone could find something that they could identify with and rally around their school. If the burning was intentionally created to represent or oppress the offended students, the event would have been banned long ago. However, as Matt Hutaff stated in his editorial in the Daily Trojan: "It's about school pride. It's love for the things that brought the university to where it is today. It is traditions that define a school; it's student body and its heritage. Strip the school of its traditions and all you have is a school that isn't worth rallying behind." [5] In appeasing one group, it seems the university neglected another group. It seems that the lesson that one cannot please everyone all the time still needs to be learned. Another lesson that needs to be learned is to meet offensive language head on instead of hiding from it. This cannot happen, however, if the college is sheltering us from it. It is the duty of the university to teach us how to live in the real world. How are they going to protect us from what we do not want to hear out there? The answer is they cannot, and the sheltered individuals are left unprepared to confront real world situations that will offend them. As Irene Clark points out, an article by the National Association of Scholars "asserts that it is the role of higher education to enable students to grapple with contrary or unpleasant ideas and that to shield them from such ideas will be detrimental in the long run." [373] Unfortunately, there are bad things in the world. There is no way to change that. Ignoring them will not make them go away. Eventually the sheltered must face them. If a school hides these things from its students, they will be unprepared to confront them. Even if PC proponents succeeded in their goal of eliminating offensive actions and language, they can never kill the ideas behind them. In private these ideas can grow and fester unchecked. In public, the offenders can be identified. When forced to hide these ideas, the offenders will still express them in secret. When these people are allowed to express their thoughts and opinions in public, the rest of the world is able to watch what they are doing. If they are not aware that they are being offensive, they can be told, also. As Irene Clark states: "...whether or not we agree with speech codes, such codes, explicitly or implicitly, are not entirely new, nor do they prevent racist or sexist thought in private." [372] As Clark stated earlier, PC is not a new idea. Various social movements have tried to implement this restraint before. It has not worked in the past and it is not gaining much ground today. As John Ellis states in Clark's book: "...we can ask that people who want to take us through the fantasy yet one more time first confront the lessons of history that show how disastrous 'politically correct' ideas have proved to be." [378] PC was brought up in the past and failed. Its performance today is just as bad. It seems that history repeats itself. History teaches us other lessons, too. One lesson is that our country is not perfect, and it makes mistakes. For example, Native Americans

Free Essays on Invisible Man

of his grandfather prevent him from truly believing the thesis of his own speech, but he gives it anyway. Instead of being shown respect for his work, however, he is humiliated by being made to fight blind-folded against other young black men, and then being shocked by an electrified rug. He pretends not to be angered by these events, yet his true feelings escape him for a moment when, while he is reading his speech, he accidentally says "Social equality," instead of "Social responsibility." After he finishes his speech, he is awarded a new briefcase. Inside the briefcase is a scholarship to the state Negro College. That night he has a dream in which his grandfather tells him to open the brief... Free Essays on Invisible Man Free Essays on Invisible Man Invisibility of the Invisible Man Living in the city, one sees many homeless people. After a while, each person loses any individuality and only becomes â€Å"another homeless person.† Without a name or source of identification, every person would look the same. Ignoring that man sitting on the sidewalk and acting as if we had not seen him is the same as pretending that he did not exist. â€Å"Invisibility† is what the main character/narrator of Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man called it when others would not recognize or acknowledge him as a person. The narrator describes his invisibility by saying, â€Å"I am invisible †¦ simply because people refuse to see me.† Throughout the Prologue, the narrator likens his invisibility to such things as â€Å"the bodiless heads you see sometimes in circus sideshows.† He later explains that he is â€Å"neither dead nor in a state of suspended animation,† but rather is â€Å"in a state of hibernation.† (p.6) This invisibility is something that the narrator has come to accept and even embrace, saying that he â€Å"did not become alive until [he] discovered [his] invisibility.† (p.7) However, as we read on in the story, it is apparent that the invisibility that the narrator experiences, goes much further than just white people unwilling to acknowledge him for who he is. While searching for his true identity, the narrator frequently encounters different people who each see him differently. â€Å"Who the hell am I?† is the question that sticks with him as he realizes that nobody, not even he, understands who he really is. At some points in his life, identities are given to him, even as he is still trying to find himself. While in the Brotherhood, he was given a â€Å"new identity† which was â€Å"written on a slip of paper.† (p.309) He was told to â€Å"starting thinking of [himself] by that name †¦ so that even if [he were] called in the middle of the night [he] would respond.† (p.309) In a simi... Free Essays on Invisible Man Invisible Man Introduction Invisible Man, written in 1952 by Ralph Ellison, documents a young black man's struggle to find identity in an inequitable and manipulative society. During the course of this struggle, he learns many valuable lessons, both about society and himself, through his experiences. Short Plot/Character Analysis/Themes The story begins with the narrator recounting his memories of his grandfather. The most remarkable, and eventually the most haunting, of these is his memory of his grandfather's last words in which he claims to have been a traitor to his own people and urges his son to "overcome 'em with yeses, undermine 'em with grins, agree 'em to death and destruction, let 'em swoller you till they vomit or bust wide open." These words remain imprinted in the narrator's mind throughout the book, although he never fully understands their meaning. His grandfather's words eventually serve as catalyst for his subsequent disillusionments, the first of which occurs direc tly after he graduates from high school. At this time, the narrator is invited to give a speech at a gathering of the town's leading white citizens. The speech he is planning to give expresses the view that humility is the essence of progress. Subconsciously, the words of his grandfather prevent him from truly believing the thesis of his own speech, but he gives it anyway. Instead of being shown respect for his work, however, he is humiliated by being made to fight blind-folded against other young black men, and then being shocked by an electrified rug. He pretends not to be angered by these events, yet his true feelings escape him for a moment when, while he is reading his speech, he accidentally says "Social equality," instead of "Social responsibility." After he finishes his speech, he is awarded a new briefcase. Inside the briefcase is a scholarship to the state Negro College. That night he has a dream in which his grandfather tells him to open the brief... Free Essays on Invisible Man The Invisible Man by H.G. Wells is a strange account of a man’s scientific experiments. This long short story written in the third person is an amazing combination of action and thrill. It takes place in various little towns around the 1800's. This story tells of a man's desire and what it cost him. The story begins in a small town called Iping, in an inn called Coach and Horses. A strange man dressed in trenchcoat and hat and bandages walks in demanding a fire and a room. Mrs. Hall lit the fire and left him in his room to go and fix a meal. As she attempts to gather his wet clothes he refuses and request to keep them. This starts the odd impressions of the town’s people toward him. Days go by as this man keeps to himself and associates with no one. The town’s people start hearing strange noises from his room and begin getting suspicious. With all this suspicion going around Mr. Cuss, the local practitioner, Went to interview this man. Mr. Cuss went in and started asking general questions which later led to the man getting very angry towards him. So as they were talking the man lifted his arm out of his pocket, and Mr. Cuss could see completely up his sleeve, there was no arm! After this event you could imagine how the suspicion grew. People wanted to kn ow who and/or what exactly he was. One day during an uproar the man yelled, â€Å" You have no idea who or what I am but by God I’ll show you right now!† So with that he tore off his hat and bandages and there stood a completely invisible man. Everyone went utterly crazy, and then the police came and that’s when the fighting started. Gentlemen from the town were trying to help get him but they could not get him. As the police tried to cuff him he alluded them by slipping out of his jacket and leaving unnoticed. He left all of his belongings at the inn and would later attempt to retrieve them. The invisible man ran into a man by the name of Mr. Marvel who h...

Paraphrase vs. Summary

Paraphrase vs. Summary Paraphrase vs. Summary Paraphrase vs. Summary By Maeve Maddox A reader asks for clarification of the difference between a paraphrase and a summary: I was in a large classroom with other teachers when the science teacher told the students to read a 2-page article and then to â€Å"paraphrase it [in] three sentences.† What the teacher should have said was to â€Å"summarize† the article in that length, whereas a paraphrase is not necessarily a shortening of an article but a rewording. The reader is correct. A summary is a brief summing up of the main points of a statement or narrative. A paraphrase is the rewording of something written or spoken, especially with the aim of making the sense clearer. A paraphrase may be longer, shorter, or of the same length as the original passage. I’ll give examples of each, using familiar sources. Summary of the film The Wizard of Oz (1939) When her Kansas farmhouse is swept up by a tornado and falls into an enchanted land called Oz, killing a witch, Dorothy Gale incurs the wrath of the dead witch’s sister. Befriended by a scarecrow, a tin man, and a lion, she survives the witch’s attempts to kill her and succeeds in returning to her home in Kansas. Paraphrase of the â€Å"To be or not to be† soliloquy in Hamlet, Act III, scene 1. The question facing me is, â€Å"Should I go on living or kill myself?† Would it be more virtuous to put up with my problems or end them by suicide? Dying is like a final sleep, a sleep that puts an end to the troubles that living entails, a desirable final resolution to it all. But what if the sleep of death brings dreams? There’s the catch. Death may be scarier than life. That’s why a long life is a bad thing. Nobody would be willing to suffer all the pain and humiliation of living year after year knowing that he could be rid of it all with a dagger thrust. The only reason people don’t escape the misery of living by killing themselves is that they’re afraid the afterlife will be worse. Because we don’t know what happens after death, we choose to put up with our problems rather than face the unknown. Even if a person decides to kill himself, thinking about the unknown consequences makes him change his mind and go on living. Both skills, summary and paraphrase, are extremely useful. They do require practice. Related post: The Whys and Hows of Paraphrasing Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†Taser or Tazer? Tazing or Tasering?How Do You Determine Whether to Use Who or Whom?

Strategic and operations management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Strategic and operations management - Assignment Example This is one of the leading companies in the world with building materials. This company is however based in Ireland (Diana, 2013). It is important to highlight that CRH is quite focussed and takes into consideration every business hitch and utilizes it for the better. The company realized the factors that lead to the business and noted keenly with a lot of concern that for the company to excel, the price that is charged on the various commodities should be relatively cheap and affordable that favours a large number of people. It is also important to highlight the other factors that the company considered; the quality of services that are offered. This is the overall view, perception as well as experience that the customers get after consuming the products. The value that the customer attaches to the product offered and how the interact with the persons providing the service depicts the quality as either high or low quality (Diana, 2013). The company being ranked as one of the top leading companies in the world in terms of the provision of the building materials, it is important to highlight that the company had to strategize and develop ways to meet the large demand for the products that they offer. This therefore means that the company had to be more reliable and accountable in terms of productivity. This also led to the company establishing smaller markets and enterprises within due to the variations in the legal issues in different parts of the world. This was in the essence that the company had consequently known that micro-markets enhance the successful business performance (Diana, 2013). In the realization of the tight as well as the difficult market environment, it is important to highlight that CRH developed strategies for the successful operations. These strategies were with certain key elements as they are well explained and clearly discussed below: It is also important

Classic Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Classic Literature - Essay Example ered around male characters, female characters are able to take on central roles as well and are frequently seen in positions of authority or importance even within the stories of the heroes. These themes, the importance of family and a different role for women than the traditional values of the Victorian age, can be traced through the works of three of the most popular Greek authors, Sophocles, Euripedes and Homer. In Oedipus the King by Sophocles, the action opens as Oedipus is approached by plague-stricken masses asking help from him as king. When he sees his people gathered around him as if he were a god, his response to them is paternalistic and godlike. His pride in his role is evident in the words he speaks in which he seems to be almost condescending to them for appealing to other forces than himself in their burning of incense to cloud the air. Throughout the remainder of the action, Oedipus’ personality clearly reflects a continued pride and a determination to maintain his family relationship within his nuclear unit as well as throughout his kingdom. A great deal of his story is actually predicated on an attempt to save his family. When Oedipus learned of his own prediction that he was doomed to kill his father and marry his mother, he was determined to avoid this fate by taking his future in his own hands. He left his homeland in Corinth for the further realm of Thebes. Howeve r, when he is able to solve the riddle of the Sphinx, a task that had not been accomplishable by anyone else, his natural pride in his own abilities rose to a new level. This pride is reinforced by the fact that he then became the king of Thebes and married Jocasta, the widowed queen of Thebes. Unfortunately, as it is discovered toward the end of the play, this widowed queen was the wife of the man Oedipus killed on the road, who turned out to be his own father. This made his wife his mother and himself the vile criminal he was seeking. After the disgrace he had

Economic comment Essay Example for Free

Economic comment Essay Interest rates are proportionate to credit quality and it shows the ability of the investor to pay at any given circumstance. World economic conditions vary by geography and country and the nature of inflation and deflation influences interest rates. Interest rate is also determined by the government through its enactment of public policy called interest rate subsidy (Montalbano, 6). Interest rate term structures evidences how they are determined by future expectations of the value money. However in the absences of the aforementioned determinants, interest rates are determined by the supply and demand for funds. 2. Interest is the premium paid for use of borrowed money. The interest for loans is usually fixed for a certain number of years after which if there is delay in payment the interest rate adjusts upwardly each year. The value of dollar can increase or decrease depending on the supply and demand imbalance. However, lending of money is associated with risks as the lender can not be certain whether or not the borrower will pay the money back. In order for the lender to reduce the risks, it is important to secure the loan with a physical property such as real estate. Additionally, examining of one’s ability to pay back the money by use of credit score range can help reduce the risks of lending. 3. Interest rates are also determined by the supply and the demands for funds. This shows that at whatever rate of borrowing, the borrower believes he/she has borrowed at the lowest rate and he/she can even provide higher interest rates on the same funds (Montalbano, 12). On the other hand, the lender believes the funds cannot be lent at a higher rate and there is certainty to receive interest and return of principal. Works Cited Montalbano, J. How are interest rates determined? 201. Viewed August 14 2010 from http://www. ehow. com/how-does_4880725_how-interest-rates-determined. html

Slaves :: essays research papers

Slave Versus Master   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slavery was a huge part of America’s history and is impossible to ignore today. African-Americans, during the 1860’s, obviously disagreed with the widespread use of slavery and did whatever they could to showcase their disapproval of it. There are many examples of slaves hostility toward their masters, but unfortunately the South was too heavily populated with slave owners for most of the protests to have a huge impact on the push for the abolition of slavery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The population of African-Americans in the South in 1860 is appalling. In 1860 the population was sixty-six percent white, thirty two percent slave, and an unbelievable two percent free blacks in the South. The lucky, few blacks that were free had to think about the abuse and pain their fellow brothers had to go through. Although some plantation owners were pleasant to work for, it does seem that the majority of slave owners were harsh and brutal to their slaves. (Doc 113)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slaves were considered as a piece of property to every slave owner and most lived a sad, to what they had to do. They protested in several different ways whether it be attacking the slave owner, wounding themselves, or simply â€Å" accidentally† breaking tool needed to perform their everyday duties. (Doc 115)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A slave named Nat Turner led one of the most famous revolts. Turner, a slave preacher, led an armed group of African-Americans on a killing spree from house to house in Southampton County, Virginia. They killed sixty white men, women, and children before being overcome by federal troops. Turner’s revolt ended with more than a hundred blacks being executed. This was the most malicious of all the revolts and after Turner’s incident slave conspiracies, were always greatly feared for as long as slavery existed. (Brink 312)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another such revolt was by a slave named Gabriel Prosser, who gathered nearly 1,000 slaves to brawl with the slave owners. Somehow a couple of slaves gave the plot away, and it was uncovered and stopped by the Virginia militia. The end of the revolt led to the execution of Prosser and others. (Brink 312)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most slave revolts weren’t anywhere near as extreme as Turner’s or Prosser’s, but there were still many other forms of revolts. It was not unusual for slaves to run away, especially to the North where slavery was illegal, but it was uncommon for the slaves to make it too far or get away.

Hip Hop and the African American Dream Essay

Spoken-word music arrived in America for the first time with slave ships from West Africa.   Ethnomusicologists have traced the roots of hip hop to the dance, the drum, and the song of West African griots or storytellers.   The pairing of word and music is recognized as a portrayal of the painful journey of slaves who survived the passage.   In early America, the slaves drew on the common elements of African music with their ring shouts, their field hollers, as well as their spirituals.   Thus, Samuel A. Floyd, the director of the Center for Black Music Research at Columbia College in Chicago attests: â€Å"Speech-song has been part of the black culture for a long, long time† (McBride).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the summer of the year 1973, an African American teenager in one of the Bronx River Houses, stuck a speaker in his living room window, ran a wire to the turntable in another room, and set the housing project of three thousand folks alight with party music.   Thus, Bronx turned into a music magnet, and hip hop was given birth to.   This birth led to the creation of dance styles, and graffiti artists found a new job: to paint the word â€Å"I† loud and clear because hip hop is all about identity, that is, â€Å"I am the best† (McBride).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   James McBride notes: â€Å"Not since the advent of swing jazz in the 1930s has an American music exploded across the world with such overwhelming force.†Ã‚   As a matter of fact, hip hop is nowadays enjoyed by people from around the world, and by all races.   Still, the role of this music among the African Americans – the race through out of which emerge the best hip hop musicians – is crystal clear.   For African Americans, the music represents the good old dream to hit upon a pot of gold to millions of dollars.   Agonizing over how their parents slave many hours a day, young African Americans long to make it big in the hip hop business with fame and riches. Works Cited McBride, James. â€Å"Hip Hop Planet.† National Geographic, April 2007.

Academic skills Essay

Academic skills are also very much emphasised in Singapore’s educational policy as our government values meritocracy. Achieving academic excellence is top priority for all school children in Singapore. Hence, many parents are still not in favour of a play-centred curriculum, as they fear this will not help their children to achieve academic success. With ranking of schools’ performance and learning outcomes; teachers and parents are compelled to neglect play in favour of more â€Å"school-like† activities. Similar to the American context as mentioned earlier, Singaporean parents send their children to many enrichment activities to help them to be outstanding in academic studies as well as extra-curricular activities such as music and golf lessons. As a result, children are much deprived of free play. Many children have not acquired the art of making friends and even the ability to make friendly contacts (Tan et al, 1997) The foregoing examples demonstrate that parental perspectives, socio-economic status, cultural factors, and educational policies are some issues that could negate the value and importance of play to children’s development and be viewed as having no â€Å"real educational experiences† (Leong & Bodrova, 2003, pp. 5). On the contrary, Hughes (1999, p. 109) advises that play is very often the context in which the needs of a growing child are developed and enhanced. It is vital to the development of all facets of the young child – personal awareness, emotional well-being, socialisation, communication, cognition, and perceptual motor skills (Hughes, 1999, p. 62-64, 68-69, 81-109 – 111). There are numerous play processes that help develop these many facets in the young child. Infant games such as peek-a-boo, making funny faces in front of a mirror, and water play in bathtub promote adult-child relationship. Playing also encourages and strengthens awareness of self and others; thus, it facilitates the development of a child’s image of himself and others. Indeed, they are not meaningless play especially when adults play with children, the latter will find adults more fun to be with; it is easier to form attachment that leads to securely attached children. Secure attachment is vital to the growing child: it gives him trust and confidence in his environment; it enables him to venture, explore, and learn about his surroundings (Hughes, 1999, p. 196-197, Gonzalez-Mena & Eyer, 2001, p. 77-79). Therefore, open-ended materials such as blocks enable the child to exercise spatial awareness concepts, perceptual skills, eye-hand coordination as well as pretend play and creative imagination (Van Hoorn & Nourot, p.255-256). Children use mathematical skills and science concepts and ideas to further expand their creativity in their construction with blocks; they will add details and complex structures to their block play (Isenberg & Jalongo, 1997, pp. 275-277). Children make use of their bodies and motor skills to move and stack up blocks that is beneficial to their physical development and strategic planning. Much creativity, divergent thinking, and cognitive skills are developed as children engage in pretend play. Thus, children should not be viewed as â€Å"just playing†. Their minds and thoughts are actively involved as they prepare their own scripts and collaborate to direct their play. They plan, negotiate roles and actions, agree and remind each other about the rules they have made. During pretend play, children get to practise their social skills. For instance, when children are unable to agree to play hospital or grocery store, they compromise by combining both. Hence, children play and learn to problem solve (Leong et al, Mar 2003, Rogers et al, 1998).

Analysis of Hillel Schwartzs essays

Analysis of Hillel Schwartz's essays An Analysis of Hillel Schwartzs Historian Hillel Schwartz holds a satirical grudge against the Slender Society of American and most other mainstream cultures. In his book, Never Satisfied, an extensive study of dieting and its sphere of influences, and in particular the final chapter, Fat and Happy?, Schwartz attacks unexpected sources of obesity: the media, stereotypes, the law, physicians, and dieting itself. He hypothesizes that what goes into someones head might have more to do with their weight than what goes into their stomach. In an almost vengeful manner, Schwartz repeatedly blames individuals of all walks of life for producing the fear of being fat, including fat people themselves. He reiterates the disgusting feeling it is to be persecuted by ones own fellow citizens as being labeled clown, clodhopper, cannibal, or criminal. Blame the kindergarten teachers, the coaches, the friends and physicians who goad fat people into a maze of diets from which they may never return. (487) According to the author, its these diets that are the real danger. Unnatural, coercive diets can greatly disrupt the bodys natural equilibrium. Schwartz adds: If left alone, 99 percent of human beings will reach a plateau weight, a set point at which their metabolisms will be satisfied and their bodies healthy. It is the dieting, the anxiety, and the perpetual scrimmaging with food that lead to illness. He goes on to single out physicians as part of the problem, generalizing them as an insensitive sub-culture bent on preying upon patients fears of disease and death by prescribing them all sorts of pills that further debilitate the system, dictating diets that are subtle forms of sadism. (490) He struggles, though, to give adequate support for these somewhat obnoxious claims, with a few exceptions. Its his argument about ...

Thermoplastic vs. Thermoset Resins (Composites)

Thermoplastic vs. Thermoset Resins (Composites) Thermoplastic  polymer  resins are extremely common, and we come in contact with thermoplastic resins constantly. Thermoplastic resins are most commonly unreinforced, meaning, the resin is formed into shapes and have no reinforcement providing strength. Examples of common thermoplastic resins used today, and products manufactured by them include: PET  - Water and soda bottlesPolypropylene - Packaging containersPolycarbonate - Safety glass lensesPBT - Childrens toysVinyl - Window framesPolyethylene  - Grocery bagsPVC - PipingPEI - Airplane armrestsNylon  - Footwear Many thermoplastic products use short discontinuous fibers as a reinforcement. Most commonly fiberglass, but  carbon fiber  too. This increases the  mechanical properties  and is technically considered a fiber reinforced composite, however, the strength is not nearly as comparable to continuous fiber reinforced composites. In general, FRP composites refers to the use of reinforcing fibers with a length of 1/4 or greater. Recently, thermoplastic resins have been used with  continuous fiber  creating structural composite products. There are a few distinct advantages and disadvantages thermoplastic composites have against thermoset composites.​ Advantages of Thermoplastic Composites There are two major advantages of thermoplastic composites. The first is that many thermoplastic resins have an increased impact resistance of comparable thermoset composites. In some instances, the difference is as high as 10 times the impact resistance. The other major advantage of thermoplastic composites is the ability reform. See, raw thermoplastic composites, at room temperature, are in a solid state. When heat and pressure impregnate a reinforcing fiber, a  physical change  occurs; not a chemical reaction as with a thermoset. This allows thermoplastic composites to be reformed and reshaped. For example, a pultruded thermoplastic composite rod could be heated and remolded to have a curvature. This is not possible with thermosetting resins. This also allows for the recycling of the thermoplastic composite at end of life. (In theory, not yet commercial). Properties and Benefits of Thermoset Resins Traditional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites, or FRP Composites for short, use a thermosetting resin as the matrix, which holds the structural fiber firmly in place. Common thermosetting resin includes: Polyester ResinVinyl Ester ResinEpoxyPhenolicUrethane The most common thermosetting resin used today is a polyester resin, followed by vinyl ester and epoxy. Thermosetting resins are popular because of uncured, at room temperature, they are in a liquid state. This allows for convenient impregnation of reinforcing fibers such as fiberglass, carbon fiber, or Kevlar. As mentioned, a room temperature liquid resin is easy to work with. Laminators can easily remove all air during manufacturing, and it also allows the ability to rapidly manufacture products using a vacuum or positive pressure pump. (Closed Molds Manufacturing) Beyond ease of manufacturing, thermosetting resins can exhibit excellent properties at a low raw material cost. Properties of thermoset resins include: Excellent resistance to solvents and corrosivesResistance to heat and high temperatureFatigue strengthTailored elasticityExcellent adhesionExcellent finishing (polishing, painting, etc.) In a thermoset resin, the raw uncured resin molecules are crossed linked through a catalytic chemical reaction. Through this chemical reaction, most often exothermic, the resin creates extremely strong bonds with one another, and the resin changes state from a liquid to a solid. A thermosetting resin, once catalyzed, it can not be reversed or reformed. Meaning, once a thermoset composite is formed, it cannot be remolded or reshaped. Because of this, the recycling of thermoset composites is extremely difficult. The thermoset resin itself is not recyclable, however, there are a few new companies who have successfully removed the resin through pyrolization and are able to reclaim the reinforcing fiber. Disadvantages of Thermoplastics Because thermoplastic resin is naturally in a solid state, it is much more difficult to impersonate reinforcing fiber. The resin must be heated to the melting point, and pressure is required to impregnate fibers, and the composite must then be cooled under this pressure. This is complex and far different from traditional thermoset composite manufacturing. Special tooling, technique, and equipment must be used, many of which are expensive. This is the major disadvantage of thermoplastic composites. Advances in thermoset and thermoplastic technology are happening constantly. There is a place and a use for both, and the future of composites does not favor one over the other.

Comparision of ceramic and acrylic teeth Research Paper

Comparision of ceramic and acrylic teeth - Research Paper Example The ceramic or porcelain teeth were the first to be used for making denture or false teeth. Porcelain teeth are comparatively hard and likely to fracture as they are made of ceramic materials. For instance, the hardness of the material may cause a loss of occlusal vertical dimension as the ceramic exerts its direct forces to the underlying bones; and its continuous touch with tongue during speech my cause disturbing clicking sound (Rahn, Plummer, and Ivanhoe,11). Obviously the hardness of the ceramic teeth will cause damage to remaining natural teeth and underlying residual ridge. Other disadvantages include its higher potential for marginal staining due to capillary leakage, possibility of dangerous abrasion to natural teeth or gold crowns etc; and as far as its feasibility is concerned, it is difficult to implant where available space is minimal (Sarandha, 107). However, there are certain factors that make ceramic teeth unique. For instance, the hardness of the ceramic teeth is less likely to cause occlusal vertical dimension caused by wear of denture teeth (Rahn, Plummer, and Ivanhoe, 11). In addition, these teeth are clinically efficient and will maintain communication efficiency for years and will ensure better retention of surface polish and finishing. Porcelain teeth can also be made with a metal assimilation which usually known as metal-ceramic restoration of denture. Other practices include all-ceramic restoration, porcelain-gold restoration, and metal crown restoration. Acrylic teeth or resin teeth are made from polymers and are comparatively softer than ceramic teeth. The most important ingredient contained in acrylic teeth is polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. Multiple methyl methacrylate molecules are joined by a linking agent and forms resilient plastics (PMMA) which has a net like structure. Therefore, they are less wear resistant and cause little damage to the

Arteries, Capillaries & Veins Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Arteries, Capillaries & Veins - Essay Example To enable this function the walls of the arteries are made of three separate layers consisting of elastic tissue, smooth muscle, and collagen or connective tissue. (2). This structure of the artery allows it to expand and contract, and it is this pulsating feature of the arteries that enables blood to reach every part of the body in combination with the pumping action of the heart. Arteries expand to receive the blood pumped from the heart and contract to push it forward into the tissues and organs. (1). The smooth muscle fibers that cause the expansion and contraction of the artery are under the control of the sympathetic nervous system and so the expansion and contraction of the arteries are coordinated by the sympathetic nerves. (2). In essence, the function of the arteries is to transport blood away from the heart to the other parts of the body and the blood transported consists of oxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary artery. (2). The capillaries are very narrow blood vessels. Their diameter is about 5-20 micrometers. Nearly all the tissues in the body possess a network of capillaries. The walls of the capillaries only one cell thick and it is this feature that enables the function of the capillaries to exchange of material between the capillaries and the surrounding cells of the tissue. The capillaries receive blood from the arteries to perform their function of exchange of material required for the functional activity of the various tissues and organs in the body. Once the exchange has occurred the capillaries pass on the blood to the venues. (2). The narrowness of the capillaries causes the individual blood cells to pass as a single file to enable the exchange of essential requirements of the surrounding tissue like oxygen and nutrients into the tissue and the removal of materials like carbon dioxide and waste materials from the tissue. This activity makes up the function of the capillaries.  

Experiences of Community-Based Children's Nurses Providing Pallative Essay

Experiences of Community-Based Children's Nurses Providing Pallative Care - Essay Example These keyword were selected so that I could focus the search on the nurses’ group who worked with children and with the community in providing palliative care. As it is the child cancer patients who are in need of community-based palliative care more than any other child patient groups, I included ‘cancer care’, and ‘onchology’ into my keyword list. I could locate many UK sources from this database but majority of articles that I found on this database were non-UK sources. There were also a limited number of post-2004 articles on this topic in this database. The next database that I searched for articles was CINAHL. I could locate many British journals on nursing here. Internurse.com was a very useful nursing article archive that I found more user-friendly as well. In Internurse.com, I could find plenty of UK sources. Medline database was accessed by me through PubMed and became the source of many UK-sources for this study. I used CASP QUALITATIVE as my critiquing tool for this research because this tool gave me a comprehensive framework to locate my research in. Using this tool, I could address oft-faced research issues like clarity about the aim of the research, the appropriateness of the selected methodology, effectiveness of the research design, data collection and analysis related issues, ethical concerns, and the validity of the research. Especially, the qualitative approach was relevant because this research concerns directly with the experiences of the subjects being studied and hence should be anchored in their own first person accounts of those experiences in the form of interviews. Findings- General Overview As WHO (2003) has observed, palliative care â€Å"Improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other probl ems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual.† (as cited in Quin et al., 2005, p.5). (WHO, 2003)Neilson, Kai, Macarthur, and Greenfield (2011) have done a community-based qualitative study in West Midlands region to investigate the experience of GPs and community-based nursing practitioners who were working with children having cancer in their homes. The findings of this study (Neilson, Kai, Macarthur, and Greenfield, 2011) are relevant to this paper because it proved that more than the general practitioners, it were the community nurses who could play an active role in the treatment and palliative care of such children (p.551-553). Another study done by the same authors in 2010 was also located from this database which showed that community  children's nurses (CCNs) and  children's  palliative care  nurses (CPCNs) needed to be imparted further skills and knowledge regarding palliative care of children and suggested that more funds be allocated for the same (Neilson, Kai, Macarthur, and Greenfield, 2010). This was a qualitative study that employed one-to-one interviews for data collection. Grounded theory approach was the method by which data was analysed. There was another UK-based study that I could find in this database. In this study, Beringer, Eaton and Jones (2007) have carried out a qualitative analysis of the

Tax Management Information System

Tax Management Information System Literature Review Internet is a very powerful platform that connect people from all around the world. Taiwan has employed the Internet as an enabler to speed up public services online and has earned a top ranking worldwide for its achievements [14]. Almost all government agencies operate with internet facilities and have their own websites. IT is often perceived as the great enabler of service innovation [14]. As innovative of nature of government’s application of relevant technologies to service delivery remained unexplored, public sector need a framework that applies service innovation studies. Innovation is defined as the implementation of a conscious process of change to gain certain effects or results [14]. Innovation evaluation should be based on citizen satisfaction and the creation of citizen needs rather than in terms of profit making. The basic principles of service delivery include the processes per see, co-operation, trust and social acceptance [14].We need to make the best use of the web’s potential as a means of improving public services will create innovation patterns in cyberspace. With introduction of e-government services, it will attract potential user to use the new delivery system.Public service sector is consider to be able to possess a distinctive style of innovation as these large organizations have higher shares of professional staff and conduct their own research and development. There are five types of innovation which consist of Innovation involving changes in characteristics and design of service products and production process, delivery innovation, administrative and organizational innovations, conceptual innovation and system interaction innovations. All the five types innovations need a new way, new strategies, improved solution to be able to interact with other organizations and knowledge bases. E-government initiatives use the Internet to reallocate private resources to public services [14]. In cyberspace, online services create new markets that differ from traditional services along two primary dimensions: the degree of service separability and the type of benefit offered [14]. The service must be produced and consumed at the same time. The separability feature becomes the main difference between e-services and traditional services where the latter feature interactivity or are co-terminal [14]. Citizen can complete their payments procedures without leaving home. As a core benefit, citizen can complete multi-part task without the need to visit various government agencies, which eventually will save them a lot of time. Government websites gave citizen greater accessibility to government information and greater convenience, while aiming also to overcome jurisdictional divisions through seamless service initiatives [14]. Single window format can accommodate an owner-delivered approach, shared delivery through integration or delegated delivery through an intergovernmental service utility. Area of focus are technology innovation, administrative innovation and new market creation. The portal cannot be considered as innovation if it only provides online information and forms for download [14]. Strength of market creation and website structure This tells us that Government agencies need to bring their operation online with innovation in order to serve their citizen better in any possible way. Innovation is important in portal design structure as it will attract more citizen to join. Tax Education in Distance Learning Self assessment system (SAS) is introduced to educate taxpayer with fundamental tax knowledge. To determine tax liabilities, taxpayer need to comply with public rulings and tax law issued by Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM). Taxpayer with tax knowledge will able to accurately assess their tax liability. Tax education only applicable to accounting undergraduates. Undergraduates that are non-accounting, who are the future taxpayers need to be equipped with tax knowledge as well. This will enable them to be more confident in planning their tax affairs [15]. It will helps in improve voluntary compliance and reduce inaccuracy of tax return. An online survey was conducted to collect data on whether Non-accounting undergraduates have sufficient tax knowledge and should they enrolled under the electronic distance learning program known as e-PJJ. Result shows that 45.2% fill their tax return by themselves while 54.8% need help from their spouse. Result of Respondents level for score of Tax Knowledge Types of instructional method was also in the survey question and the result shows most respondents prefer online learning than compared to traditional method of face to face learning. Online learning has the flexibility of time and place which best suits the working adults [15]. For topics that need to be covered in the tax education shows respondent interested to learn more about personal taxation and tax planning for an individual. They were aware of the importance of claiming reliefs, rebates and tax planning in computing their chargeable income and determining an accurate tax liabilities [15]. Result of Respondents preferred Tax Instructional Method Result of Respondents preferred tax topics All result shows that respondents need to be equipped with tax knowledge and to be aware of provision and changes in tax laws. Online tax education is much prefer by most respondent shows that traditional instruction method is no longer popular in era of technology. Online education is a must in order for future or current tax-payers to be equipped with the fundamental of tax knowledge so that they will be able to handle and determine an accurate tax liabilities. E-Government in Australia In Australia, National Electronic Conveyancing System (NECS) was introduced by Australian State and Territory Government in 2005. All conveyancing deal like conveyancers, legal practitioners, financial institutions, mortgage processors are available with NECS online. The system will allow users to provide, secure, certify and sign documentation [16]. NECS will serve as a useful model for other areas of commercial, governmental and social activity. This will allow Australian government may better achieve its strategic goals in developing a modern economy and remain among leaders in this area [16]. The purpose of NECS is to develop a national online conveyancing system. The issuance of Digital Signature Certificates issued under the Australian Government Gatekeeper Framework which will ensure authentication and prevent repudiation [16]. Reserve Bank’s Information and Transfer System (RITS) will get financial settlement with disbursements received and cleared for reuse. Duty and Tax Payments will be received electronically by The State and Territory Revenue Offices as cleared funds from settlement through National Electronic Conveyancing System. Four stages involve in the development of NECS which are extensive stakeholder consultation, building the system with its protocols and features, all issues must be tackled to ready the system and conversion process must be ready for government, financial institutions and other participants to transfer what they want to do with new NECS system. Five Frameworks were introduced which consist of Enabling legislation, Authorization issued by a JA to an ELNO, Operating Requirements, Participation Agreement and Participation Rules and Inter-governmental Arrangements. All the frameworks introduces were to provide the infrastructure upon which the promise of a more efficient, transparent and effective system of electronic conveyancing becomes a reality [16]. Australia NECS system will be beneficial to the citizen in the way when dealing with government. All possible issues had been tackle well when the system was implemented. The system is secure with digital signature which citizen won’t worried when transaction is being done through the system. Design of Tax Management Information System Tax income is very important for national economy. With the new tax system introduced, there will be conflicts between new and old taxation measures. It is necessary to establish a powerful, efficient, secure, stable, shared and controllable tax management information system to raise tax collection ratio, to enhance efficiency of the execution of tax law, to improve taxation service, and to reduce the taxation cost, so as to strengthen tax collection management, to provide high quality comprehensive service for taxpayers, and reliable reference for macro-economic decisions [17]. The content of system can be summarized as â€Å"one platform, two steps, three covers and four systems†. One platform means to develop a centralized technical platform with network hardware and software. Two steps means need to gradually realize the centralized data process in the state and provincial administration of taxation. Three covers means extend the system gradually cover all taxation items, tax management key parts and to be able to connect with relevant departments. Four systems is to develop four information management system respectively for main operation which consist of collection and exchange of information, administration and decision support. Tax management information system include four organically-combined subsystems built on centralized technical platform which include tax management system. Tax management system mainly dealing with tax operations, internal and external tax administrative management, taxation decision system dealing with economic supervision, forecasting and analysis. Four subsystems consist of Tax operation system, Tax administrative management system, Decision support system and External information system. Tax operation system includes six parts for inspection, collection, punishment, management, execution and relief. Tax administrative management system includes seven parts, documentary process, knowledge management, HR management, financial management, logistic guarantee, supervision an auxiliary office. Decision support system is mainly for inquiry, analysis, supervision and forecasting of tax management. External information system is mainly for collection and transmission of external information. Operation flow of tax management information system Tax management information system is an integrated system and will be designed on the basis of â€Å"one network, one platform and one set of data standard† [17]. General Framework of Tax Management Information System All data can be shared with just single input and all operation will be display on a centralized interface, the assessment can be done thoroughly with the entire system. There are four implementation strategy of the system which include the strategy to assembling units and â€Å"building blocks†, to construct tax application system with three-layer structure, to construct a common data exchange platform and to construct scientific and reasonable common unit platform. Three layer systematic structure With introduced of new tax measures, an efficient, stable, secure and controllable tax management system need to be develop to improve taxpayer tax knowledge, enhance efficiency of execution of tax law, to improve taxation service and to provide high quality service to taxpayer. With three layer separation structure, it will minimize redundancy of data and functions and hence accurate and correct data can be delivered to taxpayer. E-Tax Invoice System using web service technology in Thailand Online Employment Management System Based on Data Mining Graduate online Employment Management System is developed based on data mining. Research is mainly focus on management level and technical level. At management level, this system should be in accord with the application demand characteristics of college employment management; at technical level, this system should adopt an advanced and applicable software development mode and process [15]. The main objective of this system are centers on management demand, takes relatively perfect and prominent management function realization. The development of information technology makes every aspect of the whole society located in the state of interacting information and meanwhile it faces the application requirements of reducing cost and improving management and service level and therefore choosing a suitable development mode should fully consider ever-increasing management and service demands [15]. SQL Server200 is chosen as database management system because it is the more popular enterprise database. The design and implementation of database are not merely a part of management information system and its functions are almost the core of management information system, because from management content, its core is data storage and management [15]. Database interrelated logic data set stored in certain organization way but it does not refer to the sum of several files. It implies the re-organization among data files and file records, it have relatively high independence of program, data and serves multiple users or applications programs in least repetition to realize data sharing. Online Employment system based on Data Mining has various function which consist of user login, user management, data input, inquiry function, statistical function and database management. Site Diagram of graduate online management system Data is the core of system operation [15]. To ensure security of data, system has automatic data backup function at the server end. Artificial recovery is system administrators use new backup data artificially to recover data when server data is destroyed. Graduate online management system makes a lot of repeated and miscellaneous work handled automatically and managed orderly by computer. The system ensure the consistency, accuracy and timeliness of data, provide real-time, dynamic, accurate and complete employment information, ensure college employment management quality and provide a highly digital, normalized and scientific employment management information and processing platform for colleges [15]. Online Montessori Management System Easy Montessori Manager is developed for all the schools that are using Montessori approach in Malaysia. The objective of Easy Montessori Manager is to provide Montessori curriculums and modules which are fit inside this portal to help the teachers to monitor their children’s developments [14]. From survey collected, result shows there is a need to develop an online Montessori module system for teachers and principals of Montessori pre-schools in Malaysia [14]. The System EMM is developed specially for teachers and administrators of Montessori preschools. It has two main features, the Montessori module and the management module [14]. The Montessori methods cover three techniques, Motor education, Sensory education and Language [14]. The Montessori module contains the Montessori methods, the method guidelines, children performance analysis and progress report. The Management module contains features such as registration, timetables and attendance records. This project methodology uses Rational Unified Process (RUP) as Software Engineering Process. It provides a disciplined approach to assigning tasks and responsibilities within a development organization. RUP goal is to ensure the production of high-quality software that meets the needs of its end-users, within a predictable schedule and budget [14]. Workflow of RUP Easy Montessori Manager is divided into two modules which are Montessori module which provide child monitoring system and General Preschool Management System module that helps the school administrator, principals and teachers to manage the school administrations. This system act as a guideline for teachers and child monitoring system for parents.

SOCIETYS NEED FOR THE REGISTRATION OF HANDGUNS :: essays research papers

Society’s Need for the Registration of Handguns   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Guns are an instrument that even the most careful of people could do harm with. Gun owners should go to firearm safety classes so they will be educated on proper handling and storage of the gun. While this should only be voluntary, something should be done to insure that guns are only sold to people who have a safe background and are of age. Congress should mandate the registration of handguns in order to keep criminals from possessing guns, to cut back on violence in the home, and to avoid accidental or intentional violence among children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Federal Government today is putting forth much effort in order to control the purchase and registration of handguns. In 1993, Congress approved the Brady Bill that requires a mandatory five-day waiting period when buying a gun. The recent school shootings have pushed Congress to pass a bill requiring approximately 80% of handguns to be produced with child safety locks. The ultimate goal of the government is to ban the sale of firearms to the public. By starting out small, and having big goals, later generations will enjoy peaceful lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today’s world, guns used in the home for protection purposes are becoming more of a danger than an object of security. They have taken over the interest of everyone who thinks they are in danger. Even with the protection of a handgun, statistics show that crimes are still being committed. According to the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics â€Å"an average of only about 65,000 defensive uses of guns each year compared to the more than 800,000 crimes committed with guns† (Mcdowell 1982-84). Guns are a danger in the household if marital disputes and domestic violence are present. If a gun is a readily available object then the chances of it being used to let out anger and frustration instead of self-protection is great. Mercy Saltzman reports that â€Å"having a gun in the home also increases the risk that incidents of domestic violence will result in homicide.† He goes on to point out â€Å"family and intimate assaults involving firearms are twelve times more likely to result in death than non-firearm related assaults† (Saltzman 3043-47). In lieu of these statements, one can see the present danger in keeping a firearm in a household.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another reason to mandate the registration of handguns is because guns and criminals are not a healthy combination.

Case Study: Chrysler-Fiat Partnership Essay

When America’s economical crisis reached its apex, domestic car manufacturers were at the forefront of struggling industries, and Chrysler was one of the hardest hit (Car and Driver, 2008). In 2008 the automotive giant, along with fellow industry stalwart General Motors, received a $17.4-billion reprieve from the American Government to keep from closing its doors altogether (Car and Driver). Chrysler did lose a lot of respectability, and was ordered to cease and desist with any new product development until the company proved it could be a viable business (Gluckman & Kurczewski, 2009). However, the loan from the government proved to still not be enough to get Chrysler back on its feet, and in 2009 the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy (Groth, 2011). Fiat faced its own organizational struggles in 2003-2004 before new CEO Sergio Marchionne led the Italian automotive manufacturer back to respectability (Gluckman & Kurczewski). Still, after watching European car sales fall to a 17 year low and needing a boost to his company’s revenue, Marchionne saw the Chrysler situation as a way to get into the American market (The Economist, 2013). Objectives Sought by Each Partner: Chrysler’s objectives in the partnership with Fiat were pretty simple: it needed a financial boost to maintain its place in the industry and new technology if it wanted to grow and advance (Marrs, 2009). After egregiously unsuccessful partnerships with Daimler-Benz and Cerberus Management Group and a multi-billion dollar loan from the American Government ended with Chrysler filing for bankruptcy, the company was in desperate need of a method to regain viability (Marrs; Krisher & Strumpf, 2009; Gluckman & Kurczewski, 2009). Although Chrysler received no money in the deal, it will emerge as a new, leaner group minus billions in debt, 789 underperforming dealerships, and burdensome labor costs, not to mention gaining Fiat’s  technology to build new environmentally friendly, fuel efficient, high-quality vehicles (Krisher & Strumpf). Fiat’s objective in the partnership was to provide a financial boost to its own company without accumulating additional debt (Ebhardt, 2013). Fiat, Italy’s largest auto manufacturer, would like to expand its market to become a global competitor. Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne believes that to compete with General Motors, Volkswagen, and Toyota, the merged Fiat-Chrysler will need to produce 5.5-6 million cars a year, compared to its current output of 4.1 million (The Economist, 2013). Basis of Dialogue Leading to the Partnership: The basis of a dialogue leading to a potential partnership was the concept of a mutually beneficial situation for all parties involved (Cox, 2013). Fiat has the capital, new technologies to develop high-efficiency cars, and reverence from Ferrari and Maserati fans that will allow Chrysler to regain its place among top domestic auto manufacturers in the United States (Groth, 2013). Fiat will share with Chrysler its platforms and powertrain technology, including engines, transmissions, and fuel-saving technology (Gluckman & Kurczewski, 2009). Through Fiat, Chrysler will also get better distribution of its products in Europe, India, Brazil and China (Gluckman & Kurczewski). Chrysler is the 3rd-largest U.S. auto company and is a trusted brand with the international appeal, customer base, and facilities that will allow Fiat to become a serious competitor in the global automotive manufacturing market (Groth). Chrysler was also in no position to be patient for an extended period of time. While its factories sat idled during the bankruptcy process, the automaker reportedly lost 100 million per day (Krisher & Strumpf, 2009). Steps Taken by Each Company: The partnership between Fiat and Chrysler, which is still an ongoing process, is being approached in phases. Initially Chrysler agreed to give Fiat a 35% holding in return for an influx of new engines and platforms, research and development, and help retooling its plants (Marrs, 2009). This approach allowed both organizations to ease into the partnership, without either side immediately taking on too much debt or risk (Cox, 2013). Analysts were not  able to exactly predict the partnership between Fiat and Chrysler. In fact, Chrysler was in talks with General Motors before both companies began to experience serious financial hardships (Gluckman & Kurczewski, 2009). Looking to avoid the management mistakes that doomed Chrysler’s partnerships with Daimler and Cerberus, Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne has made it clear that Fiat/Chrysler will run as one company (Trujillo, 2013). As Mr. Marchionne announced at a media briefing, â€Å"This management team spends their time traveling and making decisions, but this thing runs as one house. There is no question about who runs what; I run one company† (Vlasic, 2013, pp. 4).

Mana and Kaitiakitanga Essay

Noa is often paired with tapu indicating that often noa refers to restoring a balance, unrestricted. A high level of tapu is regarded as dangerous. The role for tikanga and tohunga is to reduce th level of dangerous tapu until it is noa. However, it is not plainly the case to think of noa as being opposite or the absence of tapu. For instance, a person could be very tapu if one got very sick or there was bleeding. That one still has personal tapu even though the increasing of tapu symptoms have passed lead the person to return to the safe state. Health is restored after a crisis passes, which means a balance has been reached (the state of noa). Mead, H. M. (2003). (3) 2. Mana tangata According to The New Zealand Auction Plan for Human Rights, human rights (mana tanga) underlie our expectation about our education, work, life, and health. The essence of mana tangata is rights, control, and authority that are emanated directly from human. Injury or illness attributable to human activities, deaths through warfare, lifestyle changes affecting exercise, nutrition, and sanitation are all connected to Maori Hauora. Mana tangata relates to mana because it is an acknowledgment of acquired skills and inheritance (mana) which influence certain people to direct the daily activities in order to towards higher quality of life within Maori community. http://www2. ohchr. org/english/issues/plan_actions/docs/New_Zealand. pdf (4) 3. Mana â€Å"house nigger† According to Amanda Cameron’s article – Health book tells Maori to smoke – on Maori health, the term of â€Å"house niggers† was describe as the people who have been brainwashed by Pakeha and kept tamed by greedy â€Å"Uncle Tom† Maori health managers. ttp://www. nzherald. co. nz/nz/news/article. cfm? c_id=1&objectid=10347182 (5) From the book, Maori Health, was co-authored by the trust’s chairman Peter Caccioppoli and Rhys Cullen, Maori are persuaded to change their lifestyle because the Crown thinks it would reduce the number of Maori requiring treatment for disease if they change their diet (eat less and better), exercise more and stop smoking. In fact, people do not know how Maori health was defined and how healthcare for Maori was delivered. They just put Maori in position that relies on research on Pakeha. There is no reason why Maori cannot have their rights to choose their own life style. The health system is against what Maori enjoy and is racist, which can directly influence the mana of Maori. Caccioppoli, P. Cullen R. (2005) (6) 4. Mana (Respect) Respect, the most essential term of mana, is a key professional and social responsibility for all who are involved in the sector of health and disability services. This term for uniqueness of each individual child underlies all the rights within the Code of Health and Disability Services Consumer’s Rights. The right to dignity and independence is the basic requirement to respect the dignity and mana of the child. Negative attitudes held about consumer’s values and beliefs can impact upon their mana and wellbeing. For example, a nurse should provide respect in accordance with people with cultural requirement. http://www. hdc. org. nz/education/presentations/the-code,-child-and-adolescent-mental-health-and-concepts-of-maori-health (7) 5. Mana (Pride) – Whakama Whakama gives the notion of embarrassment and shame. The restoration of mana and tapu of all parties involved can sometimes help to eliminate the feeling of whakama. Hence, this term is bound up with the loss of mana. Collective whakama are able to affect the whanau, hapu and iwi that can be intense on both group and individual. The embracement or shame felt is an extremely strong and emotional force which can contribute to violence and suicide. List of Maori terms – http://www. justice. govt. nz (8) Question 2: 5 terms relating to Kaitiakitanga 1. Ira tangata (gene) and surrogacy Surrogacy means a woman gives birth to a child on behalf of another woman who lost her ability to carry her own children. The term of ira tangata (gene) and surrogacy is mentioned by Maori Attitudes to Assisted Human Reproduction. The surrogate mother may be paid to nurture the fertilized egg, giving the birth to the new life and then handling the new life to the natural parents. The aim of surrogacy is to produce a new life and thus create a new mauri. However, this would raise different sorts of moral and social issues. Mead, H. M. (2003) (9) For example, where a surrogate carried the intended parents’ embryo (gestational surrogacy), the integrity of whakapapa are not undermined. Whereas, when a surrogate is also donating an egg (contain her ira tabgata – gene) to the process and therefore the biological mother, then concerns about the integrity of whakapapa would rise. The surrogate may not be mentioned in whakapapa. http://lens. auckland. ac. nz/images/3/32/AHR_report_final. pdf (10) 2. Manaakitanga At the Cole’s Medical practice in New Zealand 2011, Peter Jansen and David Jansen articulated the term of Manaakitanga refers to the obligations and responsibilities to describe care for family and for visitors that is related to kaitiakitanga. Being hospitable and looking after one’s visitor is given priority. The provision of food (kia) and accommodation are involved in the process of welcoming and caring for visitors. http://www. mcnz. org. nz/portals/0/publications/coles/005%20-%20george. pdf (11) The aim of manaakitanga is to nurture relationships and as far as possible to respect the mana of other no matter what their standing in society might be. Mead, H. M. (2003) (12) Manaakitanga seeks to maintain balance harmony by informing kaupapa and protecting the quality or integrity of relationships among groups. www. tumana. aori. nz/assets/Te-Tauranga-Waka. doc (13) 3. Collective Responsibility In Maori society, collective responsibility is normally emphasised on the well-being of group, as opposite to the Pakeha focus on the individual. Grant Berghan(2007) (14) Collective responsibility is essential seem in terms of caring and whanaungatanga which belongs to the individual, the whanau, hapu and iwi (descended from a common ancestor. In The Code, Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Concepts of Maori Health, the right 4(4) of the Code emphasises holistic health is a cornerstone of Maori health. Te Hingengaro generally refers to mental health. Te Tinana is the physical body/representation of the ancestor. Both of them together determine how people feel about themselves and are therefore vital factors influencing a person’s health. Maori believe tat the mind, body, and soul are all closely inter-related and influence physical wellbeing. Physical cannot be dealt with in isolation, nor can the individual be seen as separate from their family. http://www. hdc. org. nz/education/presentations/the-code,-child-and-adolescent-mental-health-and-concepts-of-maori-health (15) 4. Family violence (Child abuse) Family violence is any violent act inflicted by one member of the household. Families and whanan are strong and richly interconnected with communities. They are able to support their member’s wellbeing, identity, participation in society and independence. Strong families are central to achieving wellbeing for all New Zealander, today and in the future. Family violence, including child abuse and neglect, is a major problem in New Zealand. Maori are more likely than non-Maori children to be assessed as abused and neglected. In 2002, 10. 3 Maori children compared with 5. 9 non-Maori per 1000 were assessed as abused and neglected. Ministry of Social Development has strengthened early intervention for vulnerable children and family. They are trying to improve health, education, and parent support services, as well as strengthen monitoring to prevent the family violence. http://www. msd. govt. nz/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/corporate/statement-of-intent/2005/families-and-whanau. html(16) 5. Whanau and smoking Whanau refers to family relationship, friendship, and other interpersonal relationship. The tendency of smoking in Maori community can result from lack of whanau support and care. Smoking represents one of the mechanisms by which socioeconomic factors affect health status. Recent national surveys (below) have shown that Maori adults smoke tobacco at a higher rate compared with the percentage of total population. [pic] http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC1470538/ (17) Smoking is the key risk factor for causing or contributing to death in Maori society. Thus, the programme Aukati KaiPaipa offers a strong cultural identity and support within whanau in order to address smoking addiction. http://www. bpac. org. nz/magazine/2009/july/smoking. asp (18) Question 3: Examples based on mana and kaitiakitanga terms Tapu In the Cole’s Medical Practice in New Zealand 2009, noa is the absence of tapu and donates the state of being normal, ordinary or safe. On the other hand, tapu can be understood as the state of dangerous. However, tapu is believed to be scared by psychotherapist and clinical advisor Cabrini ‘Ofa Makasiale. The concept of tapu is more about safety than about a punitive measure. The function of tapu is to protect and enhance people’s lives. Cabrini ‘Ofa Makasiale(2007) (19) These two meaning are quite different in terms of the theory described by different health sectors. Tapu defines the boundary between safe and unsafe. They analyse tapu from different kaupapa (subject) of the term. Auahi Kore The term Auahi Kore is used by The Hauora provider Te Kotahitanga Trust in order to mean Maori should have their own rights to make choices on issues about smoking. This opinion was mentioned by Peter Caccioppoli and Phys Cullen in their book Maori Health on page 108. However, Hon Peter Hodgson who is the minister of health uses the same term to mean Auahi Kore is a good lifestyle which can lead a longer and healthier life for Maori people in New Zealand Health Strategy. Smoking is the root of a variety of disease like lung cancer and heart disease, which are trend to shorten human’s life. www. moh. govt. nz/moh. nsf/pagesmh/5507/$File/mentalhealth-toolkit-relinked08. doc (20) The difference in meaning is that they focus on two different theories. The previous one concentrates on rights, while the other concerned about health, which is dominant culture using Maori term to promote a healthier life. Question 4: 5 terms relate to Hauora Outcomes Tapu and mental disease: Tapu is about scared bonds between people. These bonds could stem Pacific eople from the cosmic and spiritual relationships between them, their patients and their gods. Spirituality is a key component in Pacific models care and exists alongside the mental aspect of a person’s wellbeing. For Pacific people, the concept of wellbeing focuses on the collective, rather than the individual. Therefore the breakdown of the holistic self as well as breach of tapu can contribute to m ental illness. www. leva. co. nz/file/Documents/090428-le-va-seitapu-real-skills-web. pdf (21) Take cervical screening for example, many women are not willing to see doctor even though they have already known their situation. Womb is scared and a part of tapu for woman. Barriers such as shyness caused by tapu may contribute women of any ethnicity to suffer regular cervical screening. The chart below shows cervical screening rates in different areas by 2009. [pic] http://www. bpac. org. nz/magazine/2010/november/cervicalscreening. asp (22) Mana tangata and Lifestyle Awareness Mana tangata refers to human rights which are closely connected with human lifestyle. According to National Health Committee (NHC, 1998), Maori are over-represented in the areas of unemployment, poverty, crime, poor diet, and harmful lifestyle choice such as alcohol and drug abuse.

European Union †Organic Baby Food Market

European Union – Organic Baby Food Market Free Online Research Papers THE EUROPEAN UNION The EU consists currently of 27 member countries, which are in yellow. The blue indicates countries that either have special arrangements with the EU, or are on the way to becoming a member state. The EU countries are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The EU has over 23 recognised national languages spoken. This could be a considerable problem for the happy baby food company as each country would require different labelling in their own language, which involves translating and reprinting per area this could prove to be costly. We would recommend having split prints on each jar of the 4 most spoken languages which are English, French, Spanish, and German. German is the most widely spoken mother tongue as it is the official language of Germany, Austria and Switzerland and this covers 19% of the EU population. However, English is considered to be the most widely spoken language, which is about 49% of the population. The way in which the EU was created means there is a legal superstructure which governs other all member countries. Once a law is created member states are expected to introduce into their own legal system. This is a good thing for Happy Baby food as it means most likely once allowed into one country the rest should not be a problem. The EU has a trading mark called the CE which once given means that you product has met EU consumer safety, health or environmental requirements. It is estimated that the population of the EU will increase to 491,582,852 by July 2009 and the population is growing at the rate of 0.108%. The population of children age 0-14 years is 15.44% of the total population, which is approximately 75,900,000. Within this age group there are 38,975,981 males and 36,925,704 females. This means that happy baby food has a potential of gaining a large market share in the EU. Internally, the EU goals are to lower trade barriers between member states, adopt a common currency (Euro) and to move toward convergence of living standard. By having a common currency will make it easier for happy baby food as it does not have to deal with currency exchange. Internationally, the EU is aiming to strengthen Europe’s trade position and its political and economic power. However, because of the huge differences in per capita income between member states ($7,000 to $69,000) and historic national animosities, the EU has been facing some difficulties in devising and enforcing common policies and this could be a problem for happy baby food as it will need to follow the laws and policies of each individual country. The total GDP of the EU is $14.82 trillion in 2008, an increase of $0.16 trillion from previous year. The GDP per capita is $33,400 in 2008, which means that consumers are most likely to be able to afford to buy products from happy baby food. However, Happy Baby Food will need to look at individual country to find out their GDP per capita as some member states will be poorer than others. Also, this is most likely to affect the pricing of happy baby food. DEMOGRAPH: The demographics of the European Union show a highly populated, culturally diverse union of 27 member states. As of 1 January 2009, the population of the EU was about 499.7 million people. Many countries are expected to experience a decline in population over the coming decades, though this could be offset with new countries planning to join the EU within the next 20 years. The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.1 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.5 children. The highest birth-rates are found in the Republic of Ireland with 14.33 births per thousand people per year and France with 12.73 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.18 births per thousand people per year. The EU faces challenges in its demographic future. Most concerns centre around two related issues; an ageing population, and overall population decline. The 2006 birth rate is 10 births per 1000 population, while the death rate is 10.1 deaths per 1000 people, making 2006 the first time in modern (non war) history where more people have died in Europe than were born. The total fertility rate is an internationally low 1.47 children born per female,] where fertility rates above 2 per female are generally needed to maintain the current population. These figures mean the population of the EU is expected to decrease, while also suggesting the average age of European society will grow ever higher. While this decline in population could be halted by allowing substantial immigration into the EU, this remains a difficult solution that many refuse to accept. A low fertility rate means retirement age workers are not entirely replaced by younger workers joining the workforce. The EU faces a potential future dominated by an ever-increasing population of retired citizens, without enough younger workers to fund (via taxes) retirement programs or other state welfare agendas. A low fertility rate, without supplement from immigration, also suggests a declining overall EU population, which further suggests economic contraction or even a possible economic crisis. While some media have noted the baby crisis in the EU, and some governments have noted the problem, the UN and other multinational authorities continue to warn of an impending crisis. STATISTICS: Age structure: (2006 est.) 0–14 years: 16.03% (male 37,608,010/female 35,632,351) 15–64 years: 67.17% (male 154,439,536/female 152,479,619) 65 years and over: 16.81% (male 31,515,921/female 45,277,821) Birth rate: 10.5 births/1,000 population 2005 Death rate: 9.6 deaths/1,000 population 2005 Net migration rate: 3.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population 2005 Marriage rate: 4.8 marriages/1,000 population 2005 Divorce rate: 2.0 divorces/1,000 population 2005 Sex ratio: (2006 est.) at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and older: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female Infant mortality rate: 2005 total: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births male: female: Life expectancy: 2005 total population: 78.9 years male: 75.8 years female: 81.9 years Total fertility rate: 1.43 children born/woman 2008 Live Births outside marriage: 33.0% of total live births 2005 MARRIAGE RATE DIVORCE RATE Caption: Life expectancy at birth for men and women in the EU-25 (1962–2004) Men Women 1962 67.2 72.9 1972 68.6 75.0 1982 70.3 77.2 1992 72.2 79.1 2002 74.8 81.1 2004 75.6 81.7 European Organic Food Market Growing consumer awareness about health issues and the potential benefits of a healthy diet, mixed with concerns about genetic engineering, have created an expanding market for natural and organic products. A look at the Mintel Global New Products Database reveals the European food industry is reacting to this increasing demand, with a number of new and interesting products appearing on the supermarket shelves in recent months After starting out as a niche market in the 1990s the organic baby food industry is now mainstream, worth more than  £150 million, as more parents say no to pesticides. The presence of pesticide residues is of particular concern in baby foods as infants have a much larger food intake per unit of body weight than adults, which means they potentially absorb more toxins Organic baby food is in vogue because parents everywhere want healthy, safe food for their children, and they are willing to pay for it. Organic baby food manufacturers prominently mention the fact that their products are free of commercial pesticides, a significant concern with conventionally grown produce. A January 2006 analysis by Consumer Reports, a US organization, concluded: â€Å"For those wanting to limit their childrens exposure to the pesticides, hormones, antibiotics, and other toxins found in some nonorganic products, organic baby food should be purchased as often as possible.† European Market, Brands, Label The European baby food market is toddling along as well, but the growth in organic baby foods is not as dramatic as in the US. The French are the worlds largest consumers of baby foods, buying about 95 kilos of baby food per year, according to the US Department of Agriculture. Theyre followed by consumers in Germany. Two companies are battling it out for European organic baby food market share: Germany’s HiPP and the UK’s Organix. HiPP, the European leader according to TNS, says it pioneered organic baby food. The Organix brand, â€Å"Goodies,† won the 2007/2008 Mother Baby award for â€Å"Best Baby Food.† In Germany, Holle competes with HiPP. The UK has a rash of organic baby food brands, including Fresh Daisy, So Baby and Truuuly Scrumptious. The reason that have made Organix Brand â€Å"Goodies† number one is the effective CRM after selling of the product. As it is obviously seen in the table below, ratings are directly related with ethical concerns’ level in each of the brand. If we are to compare the brands, we should give Hipp’s creating value by giving information with each product. In every Hipp Organic food product, it wrotes behing the package as: Please Note: The formulation of HiPP milk formulas has been changed in line with the new EC Directive and UK Regulations for infant and follow-on formulas which came into force last year. These changes have resulted in the powders having different densities and therefore the size of the scoops have changed. It is therefore important that you use the scoop included within the pack. HiPP Organic Infant milk is a nutritionally complete infant milk, providing the nourishment a baby needs from birth onwards. HiPP Organic Infant milk is intended to replace breastmilk when mothers cannot or choose not to breastfeed. It is recommended that it is used only on the advice of a doctor, midwife, health visitor, public health nurse, dietitian or pharmacist. Numico, a Dutch brand is regarded as the market leader in producing organic foods for EU. Table 4 European Organic Food brands Source: www.ethiscore.org, The higher the rating, the more ethical the brand. USDAs National Organic Program accredits certifiers and they, in turn, certify organic producers and processors. Other terms found on food labels, such as natural, free-range, and hormone-free, dont mean organic. Only food that has been certified to meet the USDA organic standards can be legally labeled organic. Company has met the standards required by USDA which are Baby food labeled USDA organic must meet standards set by the United States Department of Agriculture and be at least 95 percent organic, meaning that all but 5 percent of the content was produced without conventional pesticides and fertilizers. Organic food cant be irradiated (a one-time exposure to radiation intended to kill pathogens such as salmonella, listeria, or E. coli), genetically modified (a technique that alters a plants DNA), or produced with hormones or antibiotics. Animals used in meat products must be fed organically grown feed The profile of the consumer across the EU is changing with less stereo-typical consumer now consuming organics although, in the UK, just 8% of consumers account for over 60% of organic consumption. Even the largest players in the organic foods market seem to have a relatively poorly developed understanding of what really motivates the organic consumer and what might encourage them to buy organic products on a more regular basis and how sensitive they really are to price issues. There is evidence to suggest that consumers are becoming increasingly unsure as to what constitutes organic per se. Regulations on entering EU market from the US A consolidated, legal set of rules for organic farming and processing based on Council Regulation (EEC) 2092/91 exists and is considered a strength of organic farming policy in a large number of countries as it serves to protect organic farming and to safeguard consumers’ trust. This set of rules is supported by a well established and reliable inspection and certification system, which is also considered an asset of organic farming policy most countries involved. In these countries, the organic inspection and certification system seems to be credible among farmers and consumers. To communicate this credence the existence of one strong organic label is considered a merit of policy and an advantage for consumers as they are not confused by several labels. In the U.S., the 1990 Organic Foods Production Act (OFPA) required that USDA establish national standards for U.S. organic products. The three goals of OFPA were to (1) establish standards for marketing organically produced products, (2) assure consumers that organic products meet a consistent standard, and (3) facilitate interstate commerce. The legislation targeted environmental quality by requiring that an organic production plan pay attention to soil fertility and regulate manure application to prevent water contamination. It also included environmental and human health criteria to evaluate materials used in organic production. Along with the USDA organic logo, the USDA National Organic Standards (NOS) were implemented on October 21, 2002, replacing the prior patchwork system of State organic standards . Both the EU and U.S. rely on accredited agents to certify organic farmers and handlers. The EU system is more complicated, largely because member states have some latitude as to how they approve and supervise certifying entities, resulting in a great deal of diversity among the states. A national authority from each member state certifies that organic products comply with EU law. These bodies, in turn, approve other entities that are allowed to certify organic production and handling processes. Most member states have government-approved private certification bodies, but some have public member state certification. In addition, some member states and certifiers have additional public or private standards, as well as standards for products not covered under the EU Regulation, such as fish and nonfood agricultural products. Some certifiers require stricter standards than those of the EU legislation. As a result, not all EU certificates are acceptable to each certification body. In cont rast, in the U.S., agents are accredited by USDA to carry out organic certification, and the certification process is well defined so that all farmers and handlers are certified according to the same standard. In December 2006, the federal government announced a unified regulation plan, after the European Union had threatened to ban Canadian produce. The Organic Products Regulations come into full force Dec. 14, 2008 The Canadian General Standards Board has published a substantial list of substances or techniques that are forbidden in either the production or handling stages, if a product is to earn the Canada Organic label. They include: All materials and products produced from genetic engineering. Synthetic pesticides, wood preservatives or other pesticides, except as specified in CAN/CGSB-32.31. Fertilizer or composted plant and animal material that contains a prohibited substance. Sewage sludge used as a soil amendment. Synthetic growth regulators. Synthetic allopathic veterinary drugs, including antibiotics and parasiticides, except as specified in this standard. Synthetic processing substances, aids and ingredients, and food additives and processing aids including sulphates, nitrates and nitrites, except as specified in CAN/CGSB-32.311. Ionizing radiation and forms of irradiation on products destined for food. Equipment, packaging materials and storage containers or bins that contain a synthetic fungicide, preservative or fumigant. Canadas biggest organic cash crop is wheat, half of which is exported to Europe. Most of the rest goes to the United States, which has had government regulations on organic farming for several years. The EU has also adopted tougher regulations on organic imports. After 2006, only countries on a list of those meeting EU guidelines have been allowed to sell their products in Europe. Canada was not on that list. The updated Canadian regulations were designed to allow access to the European market PACKAGING LABELING REGULATIONS IN ORGANIC FOOD MARKET IN EU Packaging Labelling Article 24 of 834/2007 provides that where a product is described as organic (that is at least 95% of its agricultural ingredients have been produced organically) the packaging (or tickets or labels at point of sale where products are sold loose) must carry an EU organic logo and a declaration of origin as specified in Article 24 of 834/2007. If less than 95% of the content of agricultural ingredients of a product has been produced organically the logo cannot be used. The logo may be used on products imported from third countries which comply with the 95% rule but it is not compulsory for such products. However, where third country organic products carry the EU logo they must also carry the declaration of origin. However, the operation of the provision of Article 24 on the logo and the declaration of origin has been deferred until 31 July 2010 pending the European Commission finalising a design for an appropriate EU organic logo . Packaging which complies with Council Regulation 2092/91 may continue to be used until 1 January 2012 provided that the product otherwise complies with the requirements of 834/2007 Research Papers on European Union - Organic Baby Food MarketAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropePETSTEL analysis of IndiaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyQuebec and CanadaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Definition of Export QuotasThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era